【摘要】：當(dāng)前,我國(guó)城市道路建設(shè)速度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于汽車數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)的速度,再加上交通資源配置不合理,造成了經(jīng)常性的交通擁堵,導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的資源浪費(fèi)和環(huán)境污染。智能交通系統(tǒng)作為一種新型運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng),可以合理分配資源、提高道路通行能力,有效地改善交通狀況。電子地圖是智能交通系統(tǒng)的最基本元素,其基本功能包括路網(wǎng)顯示、實(shí)時(shí)導(dǎo)航、路徑推薦等等,因其信息豐富、交互性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn),極大地方便了人們的出行。但是,傳統(tǒng)的電子地圖制作方法成本高、更新慢,難以適應(yīng)當(dāng)前路網(wǎng)更新頻繁的現(xiàn)狀,因此,研究如何快速有效地更新路網(wǎng)信息,從而為人們提供最新的導(dǎo)航、路徑推薦等功能,具有很強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。GPS數(shù)據(jù)記載了移動(dòng)對(duì)象的軌跡信息,如果對(duì)這些數(shù)據(jù)加以分析,就可以為路網(wǎng)更新提供輔助信息,節(jié)省電子地圖的制作成本。此外,帶有定位功能的硬件設(shè)備價(jià)格降低和智能手機(jī)的迅速普及,使得人們可以很容易收集到道路GPS數(shù)據(jù)。因此,基于GPS軌跡的時(shí)空數(shù)據(jù)挖掘技術(shù)逐漸成為了智能交通系統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)之一。出租車作為商業(yè)性的交通工具,具有行駛時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、軌跡范圍廣、車輛基數(shù)大、數(shù)據(jù)收集成本低的優(yōu)點(diǎn),因此,使用出租車GPS軌跡數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行路網(wǎng)更新及路徑選擇具有非常大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文采用微軟亞洲研究院(MSRA)提供的公開數(shù)據(jù)集(2007年4月到2010年10月的北京市出租車GPS數(shù)據(jù)),主要做了以下三個(gè)方面的工作:(1)GPS軌跡預(yù)處理。首先去除帶有誤差的數(shù)據(jù),再利用滾動(dòng)式聚類算法得到所有軌跡數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域內(nèi)主干道的道路,最后通過與Google Map對(duì)比,證明了路網(wǎng)的準(zhǔn)確性;(2)提出一種基于出租車GPS軌跡的路網(wǎng)拓?fù)錁?gòu)建方法。它是路徑導(dǎo)航和道路選擇的前提。為了獲得最新的道路及其連接關(guān)系,本文采用基于出租車GPS軌跡的路口識(shí)別方法,利用(1)中獲得的道路,考慮路口處道路點(diǎn)數(shù)目要多的特征提取出路口,并進(jìn)一步完成路網(wǎng)的拓?fù)錁?gòu)建,最后通過與Google Map、北京市shp地圖對(duì)比,證明了路口的準(zhǔn)確性;(3)提出了一種基于四叉堆的道路選擇方法。根據(jù)(1)中的道路以及(2)中獲得的拓?fù)潢P(guān)系和各條道路段長(zhǎng)度,結(jié)合歷史GPS軌跡數(shù)據(jù),使用一個(gè)基于四叉堆優(yōu)先隊(duì)列的Dijkstra方法進(jìn)一步實(shí)現(xiàn)了最短、最優(yōu)路徑選擇的功能。
[Abstract]:At present, the speed of urban road construction in our country lags far behind the increasing speed of the number of cars, coupled with the unreasonable allocation of traffic resources, resulting in frequent traffic congestion, resulting in serious waste of resources and environmental pollution. As a new type of transportation system, intelligent transportation system can allocate resources reasonably, improve traffic capacity and improve traffic condition effectively. Electronic map is the most basic element of intelligent transportation system. Its basic functions include road network display, real-time navigation, path recommendation and so on. Because of its rich information, good interaction and other advantages, it greatly facilitates people to travel. However, the traditional electronic map making method has high cost and slow updating, so it is difficult to adapt to the current situation of frequent road network updating. Therefore, how to update the road network information quickly and effectively is studied, so as to provide people with the latest navigation. Path recommendation and other functions have a strong practical significance and broad application prospects. GPS data records the trajectory information of moving objects, and if these data are analyzed, it can provide auxiliary information for road network updating. Save the cost of making electronic maps. In addition, the reduced price of hardware devices with positioning capabilities and the rapid popularity of smartphones make it easy to collect road GPS data. Therefore, spatio-temporal data mining technology based on GPS trajectory has gradually become one of the research hotspots in the field of intelligent transportation system. As a commercial means of transportation, taxi has the advantages of long driving time, wide range of tracks, large cardinality of vehicles and low cost of data collection. The use of taxi GPS track data for road network updating and path selection has great advantages. Based on the open data set provided by Microsoft Asia Research Institute (MSRA) (Beijing taxi GPS data from April 2007 to October 2010), the following three aspects of work have been done: (1) GPS track preprocessing. Firstly, the data with errors is removed, and then the roads of the main roads in all trajectory data regions are obtained by using the rolling clustering algorithm. Finally, the accuracy of the road network is proved by comparing with Google Map. (2) A road network topology construction method based on taxi GPS trajectory is proposed. It is the premise of path navigation and road selection. In order to obtain up-to-date road and its connection relationship, this paper adopts the intersection recognition method based on taxi GPS track, using the road obtained in (1), taking into account the features of the number of road points at the intersection to extract the intersection. And further complete the road network topology construction, finally through the comparison with Google Map, Beijing shp map, proved the accuracy of the intersection; (3) A road selection method based on quad reactor is proposed. According to the path in (1) and the topological relation and the length of each road segment obtained in (2), combined with the historical GPS trajectory data, a Dijkstra method based on quad-heap priority queue is used to further realize the function of shortest and optimal path selection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U495;TP311.13

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本文編號(hào)：2450463