【摘要】：地震災(zāi)害是自然災(zāi)害中破壞最為嚴(yán)重的一種,我國部分地區(qū)地處地震帶最活躍的位置,近年頻發(fā)的地震災(zāi)害對這些城市造成了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。城市道路系統(tǒng)在城市地震應(yīng)急救援中既承擔(dān)疏散應(yīng)急交通的責(zé)任,又在運(yùn)輸救災(zāi)物資方面中發(fā)揮著重要作用,被稱為城市應(yīng)急救援的生命線,因此城市路網(wǎng)的防震救災(zāi)能力直接關(guān)系到城市應(yīng)急救援的效率,而地震災(zāi)害的發(fā)生破壞了城市道路的原有結(jié)構(gòu)、影響路網(wǎng)的運(yùn)輸能力,如何在城市防災(zāi)規(guī)劃中選擇地震疏散路徑以及震后城市的應(yīng)急流量分配是本文研究的核心問題。本文首先具體闡述了地震災(zāi)害的特點(diǎn)以及其對城市路網(wǎng)的破壞特征,按城市道路被破壞的程度劃分路網(wǎng)破壞等級,進(jìn)而分析了地震災(zāi)害對城市交通的影響,總結(jié)了城市應(yīng)急交通的特性以及災(zāi)害下的城市交通組織設(shè)計(jì)要求。其次,基于節(jié)點(diǎn)重要度理論選擇地震災(zāi)害路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃的疏散節(jié)點(diǎn),從道路等級構(gòu)成、路基結(jié)構(gòu)等要求構(gòu)建可靠性高的城市應(yīng)急路網(wǎng)并對相關(guān)路網(wǎng)基本參數(shù)進(jìn)行破壞后的修正,由于應(yīng)急路網(wǎng)的疏散能力是實(shí)現(xiàn)應(yīng)急救援的重要保障,選擇評價路網(wǎng)性能的相關(guān)指標(biāo)作為應(yīng)急路徑規(guī)劃納入考慮的影響因素如:路網(wǎng)通行能力、行程時間、路段阻斷風(fēng)險等,并將其作為構(gòu)建應(yīng)急路徑規(guī)劃模型的目標(biāo)函數(shù),建立了多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型,利用K最短路徑算法進(jìn)行求解以及理想點(diǎn)法進(jìn)行備選路徑的優(yōu)選排序。最后,基于交通分配原理以及多目標(biāo)應(yīng)急路徑選擇模型的計(jì)算結(jié)果,重新定義了地震災(zāi)害下應(yīng)用于應(yīng)急交通分配的路阻函數(shù),并且綜合考慮全局系統(tǒng)的疏散要求以及路網(wǎng)使用者的偏好選擇建立了應(yīng)急交通綜合平衡分配模型,采取遺傳算法進(jìn)行模型求解,為驗(yàn)證理論與模型的可利用性,結(jié)合了城市小型路網(wǎng)進(jìn)行簡單的驗(yàn)算,豐富了研究內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:Earthquake disaster is one of the most serious natural disasters. Some areas of our country are located in the most active position in the seismic belt. The frequent earthquake disasters in recent years have a profound impact on these cities. Urban road system plays an important role not only in evacuation of emergency traffic, but also in the transportation of disaster relief materials, which is called the lifeline of urban emergency rescue. Therefore, the earthquake prevention and relief capability of urban road network is directly related to the efficiency of urban emergency rescue, and the occurrence of earthquake disaster destroys the original structure of urban road and affects the transportation capacity of urban road network. How to choose the seismic evacuation path and the distribution of emergency flow in the urban disaster prevention planning is the core problem of this paper. In this paper, the characteristics of earthquake disaster and the damage characteristics of urban road network are expounded in detail, and the damage grade of urban road network is classified according to the degree of urban road damage, and the influence of earthquake disaster on urban traffic is analyzed. The characteristics of urban emergency traffic and the design requirements of urban traffic organization under disasters are summarized. Secondly, based on the theory of node importance, the evacuation nodes of earthquake disaster network planning are selected, and the high reliability urban emergency road network is constructed according to the road grade composition, roadbed structure and so on, and the basic parameters of the relevant road network are revised after destruction. Because the evacuation ability of emergency road network is an important guarantee to realize emergency rescue, the related indexes of evaluating the performance of road network are selected as the influencing factors to be considered in emergency path planning, such as road network capacity, travel time, road block risk and so on. Taking it as the objective function of constructing the emergency path planning model, a multi-objective optimization model is established, which is solved by K shortest path algorithm and optimized by the ideal point method. Finally, based on the traffic assignment principle and the calculation results of the multi-objective emergency path selection model, the road resistance function applied to the emergency traffic assignment under earthquake disaster is redefined. Considering the evacuation requirements of the global system and the preference of road network users, a comprehensive equilibrium allocation model of emergency traffic is established, and the genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the model to verify the availability of the theory and model. Combined with a small urban network to carry out a simple check calculation, enriched the content of the study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491

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本文編號：2409822