【摘要】：在西成客專鐵路橋梁的建設中,樁基礎是一種非常重要的基礎形式,尤其是以混凝土或鋼筋混凝土為材料的混凝土灌注樁被廣泛使用。但是橋梁基樁深埋地下,作為一項隱蔽工程,容易出現(xiàn)各種質量問題,對橋梁造成安全隱患。因此,對橋梁基樁進行質量檢測頗為重要。本文采用現(xiàn)場實際檢測與有限元數(shù)值模擬相結合的方法,對彈性波法用于西成客專橋梁工程中的基樁質量檢測的有效性、準確性進行了系統(tǒng)研究。首先系統(tǒng)介紹了彈性波反射法檢測橋梁基樁質量的基本理論,彈性波在樁內(nèi)的傳播機理,彈性波法的檢測目的和適用范圍,數(shù)據(jù)處理及缺陷判釋原則。在數(shù)據(jù)處理方面,重點介紹了四種常用的信號后處理方法,包括數(shù)字濾波、指數(shù)增大、旋轉修正,通過對比信號處理前后的效果,并采用時域分析的方法準確計算缺陷的具體位置,從而能夠準確地對西成客專橋梁基樁的樁身完整性做出定性評價。其次在彈性波法檢測基樁的理論基礎上,利用大型有限元模擬軟件ABAQUS對彈性波法基樁檢測做激振瞬態(tài)模擬研究。起初介紹了ABAQUS的基本功能,包括模擬所用的處理模塊和顯式算法,以模擬彈性波在一維桿件內(nèi)的傳播為例,觀察彈性波在桿內(nèi)的傳播過程,詳細說明了ABAQUS建模和分析的過程；接下來以彈性波法檢測完整摩擦樁為例,考慮到建模過程中所遇到的諸多問題,結合實際工程,對樁土模型進行優(yōu)化,使得模擬的信號結果更加符合理論和實測情況；另外針對橋梁基樁可能遇到的各類質量問題,分析了西成客專鐵路橋梁建設中應用較多的混凝土灌注樁的缺陷成因,分別對離析、擴頸、縮頸、斷樁和樁底沉渣這五大類缺陷樁的檢測做數(shù)值模擬,包括在不同位置設置缺陷,對比不同缺陷對應的樁頂測點速度時域信號特征的區(qū)別。最后對西成客專橋梁基樁質量檢測的現(xiàn)場操作流程做了詳細介紹,總結了彈性波法用于實測過程中的相關經(jīng)驗,包括檢測前對樁頂?shù)奶幚?設備測試參數(shù)的調整,傳感器的安裝以及檢測過程中激振點和激振方式的選取等,接下來依托在西成客專漢中段用彈性波法實測的數(shù)據(jù),對比完整樁和各類非完整樁的信號特征,對缺陷樁進行開挖驗證,表明彈性波法用于西成客專橋梁基樁質量檢測是切實可行的。
[Abstract]:Pile foundation is one of the most important foundation forms in the construction of railway bridge, especially the concrete cast-in-place pile with concrete or reinforced concrete as the material is widely used. However, as a hidden project, it is easy to produce various quality problems, which will cause hidden danger to the bridge. Therefore, it is very important to check the quality of bridge foundation pile. In this paper, the effectiveness and accuracy of the elastic wave method used in the quality detection of foundation pile in bridge engineering are systematically studied by the combination of field testing and finite element numerical simulation. Firstly, the basic theory of elastic wave reflection method for detecting the quality of bridge foundation pile, the propagation mechanism of elastic wave in pile, the purpose and scope of application of elastic wave method, the principle of data processing and defect interpretation are introduced systematically. In the aspect of data processing, four common methods of signal post-processing are introduced, including digital filtering, exponential increase, rotation correction, and comparison of the results before and after signal processing. The time domain analysis method is used to calculate the concrete position of the defect accurately, so that the pile integrity of the bridge foundation pile can be evaluated qualitatively. Secondly, on the basis of the theory of detecting foundation pile by elastic wave method, the transient simulation of exciting vibration is done by using the finite element simulation software ABAQUS. At first, the basic functions of ABAQUS are introduced, including the processing module and explicit algorithm used in simulation. Taking the simulation of elastic wave propagation in one-dimensional rod as an example, the propagation process of elastic wave in rod is observed, and the process of modeling and analysis of ABAQUS is explained in detail. Then take the elastic wave method to detect the intact friction pile as an example, considering the many problems encountered in the modeling process, combined with the actual engineering, the pile-soil model is optimized to make the simulated signal results more consistent with the theoretical and measured results. In addition, in view of the various quality problems that the bridge foundation pile may meet, this paper analyzes the causes of the defects of the concrete cast-in-place pile, which are widely used in the bridge construction of the Xicheng Special Railway, and separately analyzes the segregation, the expansion of the neck, and the contraction of the neck. The detection of broken pile and pile bottom sediment is numerically simulated, including setting defects in different positions, and comparing the characteristics of time-domain signal of velocity at the top of pile with different defects. At last, the paper introduces in detail the field operation flow of the quality test of the bridge foundation pile, summarizes the relevant experience of the elastic wave method in the process of the actual measurement, including the treatment of the pile top before testing, the adjustment of the testing parameters of the equipment. The installation of the sensor and the selection of excitation points and modes in the detection process, etc., then relying on the measured data of the Hanzhong section of Xicheng Special College using elastic wave method, the signal characteristics of the whole pile and all kinds of non-intact piles are compared. The excavation verification of the defective pile shows that it is feasible to apply the elastic wave method to test the quality of the foundation pile of the bridge.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U446

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