【摘要】：車道變換行為是多車道交通流中的普遍現(xiàn)象。關于變道有一個著名的悖論“欲速則不達”,也就是說為了追求更快的行駛速度而進行車道變換,結果反而變得更慢。然而這個悖論并不總是成立,而是有特定的發(fā)生范圍。受到宏觀微觀相結合思想的啟發(fā),在分析車道變換行為、混合交通流特性、連續(xù)交通流特性的基礎上,建立考慮連續(xù)流宏觀特性的元胞自動機交通流模型。針對城市單向路段連續(xù)交通流,采用對稱型變道規(guī)則,分析自由車道變換行為引起交通流整體狀態(tài)的變化。仿真結果表明,隨著車輛到達概率的增大,車道變換對交通流的增益作用逐漸過渡到削弱作用。為了確定這個正反作用的臨界范圍,分別以車輛平均延誤(時間指標)、可通行的最大流量(空間指標)為控制指標,建立以控制指標作為因變量,車輛到達概率、綠信比作為自變量的二元函數(shù)空間曲面,通過對比自由變道和直行兩個曲面、求解交線在平面上的投影,得到悖論發(fā)生的臨界范圍。分別討論交通流狀態(tài)的三個范圍(正常區(qū)、過渡區(qū)、悖論發(fā)生區(qū)),深入分析自由變道機制導致悖論發(fā)生的原因,并得出了相應的結論與建議。針對雙向雙車道逆向超車交通流,采用非對稱型變道規(guī)則,全面模擬了單向交通流、不對稱交通流和對稱交通流的超車現(xiàn)象。分別以平均密度、平均車速、車輛平均延誤、可通行的最大流量這四個交通流參數(shù)為控制指標,建立以控制指標作為因變量,本車道車輛到達概率、逆向車道車輛到達概率作為自變量的二元函數(shù)空間曲面,得到超車行為正反作用的臨界范圍。分別仿真不同型式的路中標線,通過定性定量的比較分析,確定了雙向雙車道上路中標線的最佳型式。本文考慮連續(xù)交通流特性,建立元胞自動機模型,在理論上提出了單雙向路段的變道交通流理論,在應用上驗證了變道悖論,并分別確定了自由變道和超車行為正反作用的臨界范圍。根據(jù)這些臨界范圍,可以改善交通管理,優(yōu)化交通組織。
[Abstract]:Lane switching is a common phenomenon in multi-lane traffic flow. There is a famous paradox about changing lanes, that is, to change lanes for the sake of faster speed, the result is slower. However, this paradox is not always true, but has a specific scope. Inspired by the idea of combining macro and micro, a cellular automata traffic flow model considering the macroscopic characteristics of continuous flow is established on the basis of analyzing the behavior of lane change, the characteristics of mixed traffic flow and the characteristics of continuous traffic flow. In view of the continuous traffic flow in a one-way road section of a city, the change of the overall state of the traffic flow caused by the changing behavior of the free lane is analyzed by using symmetrical changing rules. The simulation results show that with the increase of vehicle arrival probability, the gain effect of lane change on traffic flow is gradually transferred to weakening effect. In order to determine the critical range of the positive and negative effects, the average vehicle delay (time index) and the maximum flow rate (spatial index) are taken as the control index respectively, and the vehicle arrival probability is established with the control index as the dependent variable. The space surface of binary function with green signal ratio as independent variable is solved by comparing two surfaces of free path and straight line, and the critical range of paradox is obtained by solving the projection of intersection line on the plane. This paper discusses the three ranges of traffic flow state (normal area, transition area and paradox occurrence area), analyzes the causes of the paradox caused by the mechanism of free change of course, and draws the corresponding conclusions and suggestions. Aiming at the two-way two-lane reverse overtaking traffic flow, the overtaking phenomenon of one-way traffic flow, asymmetric traffic flow and symmetrical traffic flow is simulated by using asymmetric lane changing rules. Taking the average density, average speed, average vehicle delay and maximum traffic flow as the control indexes, the paper establishes the arrival probability of the vehicle in the driveway by taking the control index as the dependent variable. The critical range of the positive and negative effects of overtaking behavior is obtained by using the space surface of the binary function of the arrival probability of the reverse lane vehicle as an independent variable. Through the qualitative and quantitative comparison and analysis, the optimal pattern of the bidirectional two-lane road marking line is determined. In this paper, considering the characteristics of continuous traffic flow, the cellular automata model is established, and the theory of changing channel traffic flow in single and bidirectional road sections is proposed theoretically, and the theory of changing channel paradox is verified in application. The critical range of the positive and negative effects of free lane changing and overtaking is determined respectively. According to these critical ranges, traffic management can be improved and traffic organization can be optimized.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.112

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相關碩士學位論文 前2條

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本文編號：2382208