【摘要】：對各種橋梁坍塌事故統(tǒng)計分析表明,船舶撞毀橋梁是導致橋梁坍塌的主要原因之一,分析橋梁船撞事故原由,研究船撞事故的發(fā)生規(guī)律對橋梁防撞設計有重要啟示作用。同時,分析指出,橋墩是千米級斜拉橋防撞設計時的重點考慮對象。近些年來,得益于計算機技術的飛躍發(fā)展,有限元法為船橋碰撞問題提供了有效并可靠的分析途徑,從而從眾多的船橋碰撞研究方法中脫穎而出。為了尋找更為合理高效的有限元數(shù)值模擬方法,探究船橋碰撞過程的影響因素,本文以安徽省望東長江大橋為工程背景,精確建立船舶與橋梁實體模型后,運用LS-DYNA進行數(shù)值模擬分析。本文主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)為了研究不同的樁土相互作用模型對船橋碰撞結果的影響,本文采用了“固定端”模型、p-y彈簧模型和有限域土體模型來模擬樁土間相互作用。并且,在這三種模型的基礎上,借助LS-DYNA軟件對船橋碰撞過程進行了數(shù)值模擬。通過對比不同樁土相互作用模型的數(shù)值模擬結果可以看出,動態(tài)有限元方法能夠有效模擬船橋碰撞問題。(2)本文綜合考慮了船舶與主塔的彈塑性反應,精確建立10000t帶球鼻艏船舶與望東長江大橋望江側(cè)主塔有限元模型,對船橋碰撞過程的影響因素進行數(shù)值模擬,包括水位線變化、不同船舶速度以及船舶撞擊方向的改變,研究碰撞過程中能量的轉(zhuǎn)化等計算結果。(3)綜合考慮拉索力、橋梁結構及樁土相互作用后,本文建立了望東長江大橋整橋有限元模型,數(shù)值模擬非線性船橋碰撞過程,獲得了船橋碰撞力、船艏與群樁基礎變形等計算結果。探討在船橋碰撞過程中,只建立橋梁主塔模型,對其余部位進行相應的簡化與忽略,與建立整橋模型有限元數(shù)值模擬結果的差異,證實以單座主塔模型替代整橋建模的合理性。
[Abstract]:Statistical analysis of various bridge collapse accidents shows that ship collision is one of the main causes of bridge collapse. It is important for bridge collision design to analyze the causes of bridge collision accidents and to study the occurrence law of ship collision accidents. At the same time, it is pointed out that pier is the important object of collision prevention design of kilometer-scale cable-stayed bridge. In recent years, thanks to the rapid development of computer technology, finite element method (FEM) provides an effective and reliable way to analyze the collision problem of ship and bridge, and thus stands out from many research methods of ship-bridge collision. In order to find a more reasonable and efficient finite element numerical simulation method and explore the factors influencing the collision process of ship and bridge, this paper takes Wangdong Yangtze River Bridge in Anhui Province as the engineering background, and establishes the entity model of ship and bridge accurately. LS-DYNA is used to carry out numerical simulation and analysis. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) in order to study the influence of different pile-soil interaction models on the collision results of ship and bridge, the "fixed end" model is adopted in this paper. The p-y spring model and the finite field soil model are used to simulate the pile-soil interaction. On the basis of these three models, the collision process of ship and bridge is simulated with LS-DYNA software. By comparing the numerical simulation results of different pile-soil interaction models, it can be seen that the dynamic finite element method can effectively simulate the ship-bridge collision problem. (2) the elastoplastic response of the ship to the main tower is considered comprehensively in this paper. The finite element model of 10000t spherical nose bow ship and Wangjiang main tower of Wangdong Yangtze River Bridge is established accurately. The factors influencing the collision process of the ship and bridge are numerically simulated, including the variation of water level, the change of ship velocity and the direction of ship impact. The calculation results of energy conversion during collision are studied. (3) after considering the interaction of cable force, bridge structure and pile-soil, the finite element model of the whole bridge of Wangdong Yangtze River Bridge is established, and the nonlinear ship bridge collision process is numerically simulated. The calculation results of collision force of ship and bridge, deformation of ship bow and pile group foundation are obtained. In the course of ship-bridge collision, only the main tower model of the bridge is established, and the other parts are simplified and ignored accordingly. The difference between the finite element numerical simulation results of the whole bridge model and that of the whole bridge model is discussed, and the rationality of replacing the whole bridge model with the single-seat main tower model is proved.
【學位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U443.15;U447

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