隧道近火源熱參數(shù)與排煙風(fēng)口煙阻塞效應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-19 10:31
【摘要】：橫向通風(fēng)結(jié)合大尺度排煙口分段集中排煙,在隧道結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)以及消防安全救援中體現(xiàn)的諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),代表著隧道建設(shè)未來新方向,具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。本文以集中排煙隧道道設(shè)計(jì)特性,搭建了1:20縮尺隧道火災(zāi)安全實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ推脚_,對隧道內(nèi)近火源熱參數(shù)以及多擾量耦合作用下煙阻塞效應(yīng)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。隧道火災(zāi)危害的根源在火源,無論是研究熱煙氣對于隧道結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,還是研究火源對于周圍物體的熱流,都離不開火源本身的特性即火焰的特性參數(shù)既火焰長度和火焰傾角。在前人已做大量工作的基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)改進(jìn),把火焰的波動(dòng)引入到火焰幾何特性參數(shù)中去,分析了不同火焰概率情況下,火源強(qiáng)度以及橫風(fēng)對于火焰幾何參數(shù)的影響。為了提高實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論的適用性,更好的推廣至實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中去,選取了多個(gè)經(jīng)典隧道火災(zāi)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ瓦M(jìn)行了對比,對于文中常用的數(shù)據(jù)都進(jìn)行了無量綱化處理。對上游垂直風(fēng)流單獨(dú)作用下熱煙氣擴(kuò)散規(guī)律、近火源輻射特性進(jìn)行了深入探討,文中把熱煙氣最高溫度位置以概率的形式體現(xiàn)出來,也旁證了火焰的不穩(wěn)定性。定義了輻射系數(shù)k,既輻射熱流與總熱流比值,用以研究近火源輻射特性。借鑒Lubin水箱實(shí)驗(yàn)思路,不同密度流體孔口流出,可能會產(chǎn)生煙阻塞效應(yīng)現(xiàn)象,對大尺度排煙口下方密度差異較大的熱煙氣與冷空氣引起阻塞效應(yīng),進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。隨著火源強(qiáng)度的增加,臨界排煙量也隨之增加,提出對應(yīng)情況下可以通過測得頂壁下方熱煙氣溫度,為排煙量提供響應(yīng)變化關(guān)系,使排煙效率最大化。實(shí)驗(yàn)分析了橫向風(fēng)速與臨界排煙量的關(guān)系,隨著橫向風(fēng)速的增加,臨界排煙量也隨之增加,提出了對于橫向風(fēng)速應(yīng)該在滿足于煙氣不逆流情況下,最小橫向風(fēng)速。
[Abstract]:Transverse ventilation combined with large scale smoke exhaust section centralized exhaust, in the tunnel structure design and fire safety rescue embodies many advantages, represents a new direction of tunnel construction, and has a wide range of application prospects. Based on the design characteristics of the tunnel with concentrated exhaust gas, a fire safety experimental platform of 1:20 scale tunnel is built, and the smoke blocking effect under the coupling of the thermal parameters near the fire source and the multiple disturbances in the tunnel is studied experimentally. The origin of tunnel fire hazard lies in the fire source. Whether it is to study the influence of hot smoke on the tunnel structure or to study the heat flow of the fire source to the surrounding objects, the characteristics of the fire source itself, namely, the flame length and the flame inclination angle, can not be separated from the characteristics of the fire source itself. On the basis of a great deal of work done by predecessors, the fluctuation of flame is introduced into the geometric characteristic parameters of flame, and the influence of fire source intensity and crosswind on the geometric parameters of flame is analyzed under different flame probability. In order to improve the applicability of the experimental results and extend them to practical production, several classical tunnel fire experimental models are selected and compared, and the commonly used data in this paper are processed in a dimensionless manner. The characteristics of thermal flue gas diffusion under the action of vertical air flow in the upper reaches are discussed in depth. The maximum temperature position of hot smoke is reflected in the form of probability, and the instability of flame is also proved. The radiation coefficient k, the ratio of the radiant heat flux to the total heat flux, is defined to study the radiation characteristics of the near fire source. Based on the experimental thinking of Lubin water tank, the phenomenon of smoke blockage may occur when the orifice of fluid with different density flows out. The blockage effect caused by hot smoke and cold air under the large scale smoke outlet is studied experimentally. With the increase of the intensity of the fire source, the critical amount of smoke exhaust also increases. It is suggested that under the corresponding circumstances, the hot flue gas temperature under the top wall can be measured to provide a response change relation for the exhaust quantity and maximize the smoke exhaust efficiency. The relationship between the transverse wind speed and the critical smoke exhaust volume is analyzed experimentally. With the increase of the transverse wind speed, the critical smoke exhaust volume also increases. It is proposed that the minimum transverse wind speed should be satisfied with the non-countercurrent of flue gas for the transverse wind speed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U458.1;U453
本文編號：2342033
[Abstract]:Transverse ventilation combined with large scale smoke exhaust section centralized exhaust, in the tunnel structure design and fire safety rescue embodies many advantages, represents a new direction of tunnel construction, and has a wide range of application prospects. Based on the design characteristics of the tunnel with concentrated exhaust gas, a fire safety experimental platform of 1:20 scale tunnel is built, and the smoke blocking effect under the coupling of the thermal parameters near the fire source and the multiple disturbances in the tunnel is studied experimentally. The origin of tunnel fire hazard lies in the fire source. Whether it is to study the influence of hot smoke on the tunnel structure or to study the heat flow of the fire source to the surrounding objects, the characteristics of the fire source itself, namely, the flame length and the flame inclination angle, can not be separated from the characteristics of the fire source itself. On the basis of a great deal of work done by predecessors, the fluctuation of flame is introduced into the geometric characteristic parameters of flame, and the influence of fire source intensity and crosswind on the geometric parameters of flame is analyzed under different flame probability. In order to improve the applicability of the experimental results and extend them to practical production, several classical tunnel fire experimental models are selected and compared, and the commonly used data in this paper are processed in a dimensionless manner. The characteristics of thermal flue gas diffusion under the action of vertical air flow in the upper reaches are discussed in depth. The maximum temperature position of hot smoke is reflected in the form of probability, and the instability of flame is also proved. The radiation coefficient k, the ratio of the radiant heat flux to the total heat flux, is defined to study the radiation characteristics of the near fire source. Based on the experimental thinking of Lubin water tank, the phenomenon of smoke blockage may occur when the orifice of fluid with different density flows out. The blockage effect caused by hot smoke and cold air under the large scale smoke outlet is studied experimentally. With the increase of the intensity of the fire source, the critical amount of smoke exhaust also increases. It is suggested that under the corresponding circumstances, the hot flue gas temperature under the top wall can be measured to provide a response change relation for the exhaust quantity and maximize the smoke exhaust efficiency. The relationship between the transverse wind speed and the critical smoke exhaust volume is analyzed experimentally. With the increase of the transverse wind speed, the critical smoke exhaust volume also increases. It is proposed that the minimum transverse wind speed should be satisfied with the non-countercurrent of flue gas for the transverse wind speed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U458.1;U453
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