【摘要】：隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,交通需求不斷增加,交通擁堵、交通違規(guī)等現(xiàn)象頻繁發(fā)生,已成為各個(gè)城市面臨的共同問題,智能交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)ITS(Intelligent Transportation System)正是解決道路交通問題的一個(gè)有效方法。ITS能否穩(wěn)定而高效地運(yùn)行,關(guān)鍵取決于獲取實(shí)時(shí)、全面、準(zhǔn)確的交通信息。針對(duì)現(xiàn)有交通信息采集方法的不足之處,論文提出采用攜帶無源標(biāo)簽的車輛作為電子標(biāo)識(shí),以實(shí)現(xiàn)一種基于RFID的交通信息采集系統(tǒng)的研究與設(shè)計(jì)。論文介紹和分析了現(xiàn)有智能交通信息采集系統(tǒng)存在的問題,闡述了RFID應(yīng)用于交通信息采集的必要性,并對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)地介紹。文章把無源車載標(biāo)簽應(yīng)用到交通信息采集系統(tǒng)中,提出了雙頻處理的方案,低頻率用于無源車載標(biāo)簽供電,高頻率用于數(shù)據(jù)交換;在多個(gè)無源車載標(biāo)簽難以識(shí)別的前提下提出了預(yù)先偵測(cè)查詢樹防碰撞算法的改進(jìn)算法和按段排序防碰撞算法;對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)的安全傳輸,系統(tǒng)采用了DES加密和解密算法;在系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)上,論文首先構(gòu)建了整個(gè)系統(tǒng),對(duì)系統(tǒng)的各個(gè)主要功能模塊進(jìn)行了劃分,完成了系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì),然后論文分兩個(gè)章節(jié)重點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)了系統(tǒng)的硬件部分,主要是讀卡器和無源車載標(biāo)簽的設(shè)計(jì),其中讀卡器的設(shè)計(jì)包括讀卡器的總體框架、讀卡器的外圍電路、讀卡器的數(shù)字硬件邏輯設(shè)計(jì),而無源車載標(biāo)簽的設(shè)計(jì)上,主要涉及到總體框架、關(guān)鍵外圍電路、關(guān)鍵數(shù)字邏輯設(shè)計(jì),后面對(duì)硬件中部分重要模塊進(jìn)行了仿真驗(yàn)證。最后,根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)方案對(duì)文中提出的兩種射頻識(shí)別防碰撞算法進(jìn)行了MATLAB仿真,對(duì)讀卡器與無源車載標(biāo)簽數(shù)字硬件邏輯核心模塊中的防碰撞模塊與DES加密解密模塊進(jìn)行了Moldesim仿真,并對(duì)無源車載標(biāo)簽的無線供電進(jìn)行了模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明該系統(tǒng)具備多標(biāo)簽防沖突、多標(biāo)簽快速識(shí)別、數(shù)據(jù)加密解密的功能,并驗(yàn)證了無源車載標(biāo)簽應(yīng)用于交通信息采集的可行性,開創(chuàng)了一個(gè)新的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the national economy, traffic demand is increasing, traffic congestion, traffic violations and other phenomena occur frequently, which has become a common problem faced by every city. Intelligent Transportation system (ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) is an effective method to solve road traffic problems. Whether ITS can run stably and efficiently depends on obtaining real-time, comprehensive and accurate traffic information. In order to realize the research and design of a traffic information collection system based on RFID, the paper proposes to use the vehicle with passive label as the electronic marking to overcome the shortcomings of the existing traffic information collection methods. This paper introduces and analyzes the problems existing in the existing intelligent traffic information collection system, expounds the necessity of the application of RFID in traffic information collection, and introduces in detail the current research situation at home and abroad. In this paper, the passive vehicle label is applied to the traffic information collection system, and a dual frequency processing scheme is proposed. The low frequency is used for the passive vehicle label power supply, and the high frequency is used for data exchange. Under the premise that many passive vehicle tags are difficult to identify, the improved algorithm of pre-detection query tree anti-collision algorithm and the anti-collision algorithm of sorting according to segment are put forward, and the DES encryption and decryption algorithm are used for the secure transmission of data. In the design of the system, the thesis first constructs the whole system, divides the main function modules of the system, completes the software design of the system, and then designs the hardware part of the system in two chapters. It is mainly about the design of card reader and passive vehicle label, in which the design of card reader includes the overall frame of card reader, the peripheral circuit of card reader, the digital hardware logic design of card reader, and the design of passive vehicle label. It mainly involves the overall framework, the key peripheral circuits, the key digital logic design, and then some important modules in the hardware are simulated and verified. Finally, according to the design scheme, the two anti-collision algorithms proposed in this paper are simulated by MATLAB, and the anti-collision module and DES encryption and decryption module of card reader and passive vehicle tag digital logic module are simulated by Moldesim. The simulation experiment on wireless power supply of passive vehicle label shows that the system has the functions of multi-label anti-collision, multi-label fast recognition, data encryption and decryption. The feasibility of application of passive vehicle label to traffic information collection is verified, which opens up a new application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U495

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本文編號(hào)：2341392