【摘要】：早期西部山區(qū)公路由于受特殊地理?xiàng)l件以及經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)算的雙重限制,導(dǎo)致部分路段在實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)中接近或低于規(guī)范要求。一條山區(qū)公路可以同時(shí)存在如長(zhǎng)大下坡、急彎、彎坡組合等危險(xiǎn)路段,為車輛安全運(yùn)行埋下嚴(yán)重隱患。隨著機(jī)動(dòng)車保有率的不斷上升,西部山區(qū)交通事故問題日益凸顯。以重慶市為例,重慶市山區(qū)公路事故率逐年增長(zhǎng),造成嚴(yán)重經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。如果在公路線形設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)能夠提供科學(xué)合理的設(shè)計(jì)理論,事故率便能有效的減少。今年我國(guó)“一帶一路”政策方針的實(shí)施,將會(huì)在我國(guó)西部地區(qū)掀起新一輪的公路建設(shè)。找出事故頻發(fā)原因,針對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范進(jìn)行改進(jìn)是本文的目的。山區(qū)公路彎道路段單位里程交通事故率遠(yuǎn)高于直線路段,彎道路段事故形態(tài)主要為車輛側(cè)翻與側(cè)滑。本文針對(duì)山區(qū)公路的彎道路段設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范提出有效評(píng)價(jià)方法。通常情況下道路線形安全評(píng)價(jià)是建立在試車試驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,由于彎道路段試車實(shí)驗(yàn)過于危險(xiǎn),本文采用了計(jì)算機(jī)仿真模擬。首先通過分析車輛在彎道行駛時(shí)的受力特點(diǎn),分別從整車受力與前后軸受力,對(duì)車輛發(fā)生側(cè)翻與側(cè)滑的狀態(tài),建立包含平曲線半徑參數(shù)的受力模型。通過公式計(jì)算出最小半徑值,與規(guī)范最小半徑值進(jìn)行比較。以整車分析的計(jì)算值接近極限最小半徑,以前后軸分析的計(jì)算值接近一般最小半徑,證明了公式的合理性。通過對(duì)比分析不同仿真軟件的優(yōu)劣,確定了使用Carsim軟件進(jìn)行仿真模擬。分別建立人—車—路模型,模擬車輛在彎道行駛發(fā)生側(cè)翻與側(cè)滑的狀態(tài),確立以發(fā)生側(cè)滑時(shí)所對(duì)應(yīng)車路參數(shù)進(jìn)行研究。從不同半徑、不同超高、不同車型的仿真進(jìn)行側(cè)滑比較,將仿真結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行線形擬合,確定平曲線設(shè)計(jì)閾值,此閾值遠(yuǎn)小于規(guī)范值。重新對(duì)車輛側(cè)滑定義,采取車輛橫向擺角作為研究因素,確定關(guān)于橫向擺角的計(jì)算公示與臨界值。通過仿真得到車輛轉(zhuǎn)向角與前后輪側(cè)偏角,將數(shù)據(jù)帶入橫向擺角公式,計(jì)算臨界值對(duì)應(yīng)彎道半徑,將數(shù)據(jù)線形擬合,最終確定了平曲線設(shè)計(jì)合理閾值,也證明了Carsim軟件的精準(zhǔn)性。本課題研究對(duì)車輛在彎道安全行駛提供理論參考,對(duì)現(xiàn)有規(guī)范值提出合理的建議,具有一定的實(shí)際研究意義。
[Abstract]:Due to the double restriction of special geographical conditions and economic budget in the early western mountainous highway, some sections of the highway were close to or lower than the requirements of the specifications in the actual design. A mountain highway can exist at the same time, such as long downhill, sharp bend, bending slope combination and other dangerous sections, for the safe operation of vehicles buried serious hidden dangers. With the increase of vehicle retention rate, the traffic accident problem in western mountainous area is becoming more and more prominent. Taking Chongqing as an example, the accident rate of mountain roads in Chongqing increases year by year, causing serious economic losses. If scientific and reasonable design theory can be provided in highway alignment design, the accident rate can be reduced effectively. The implementation of Belt and Road's policy this year will set off a new round of highway construction in western China. The purpose of this paper is to find out the causes of frequent accidents and to improve the design specifications. The traffic accident rate per unit mileage of mountain road bend section is much higher than that of straight road section, and the accident form of bend road section is mainly vehicle rollover and sideslip. In this paper, an effective evaluation method is put forward for the design code of bend section of mountain highway. In general, the road alignment safety evaluation is based on the test. Due to the dangerous test on the bend section, the computer simulation is used in this paper. Firstly, through the analysis of the force characteristics of the vehicle driving in the bend, the stress model including the radius parameter of the plane curve is established from the force of the whole vehicle and the force on the front and rear axle, respectively, to the state of the vehicle rollover and sideslip. The minimum radius value is calculated by the formula and compared with the standard minimum radius value. The calculation value of the whole vehicle analysis is close to the limit minimum radius, and the calculation value of the former rear axle analysis is close to the general minimum radius, which proves the rationality of the formula. By comparing and analyzing the merits and demerits of different simulation software, Carsim software is used for simulation. The human-vehicle-road model was established to simulate the state of rollover and sideslip, and the corresponding road parameters were established. From different radii, different ultra-high and different vehicle models, the side slip is compared, and the simulation data are fitted linearly to determine the design threshold of flat curve, which is far less than the standard value. The definition of lateral slip of vehicle is redefined and the lateral swing angle of vehicle is taken as the research factor to determine the calculation publicity and critical value of lateral swing angle. The steering angle of the vehicle and the lateral deflection angle of the front and rear wheel are obtained by simulation, and the data are brought into the lateral swinging angle formula, the critical value corresponding to the curve radius is calculated, and the data line fitting is carried out, and the reasonable threshold value for the design of the flat curve is finally determined. It also proves the accuracy of Carsim software. This research provides a theoretical reference for the safe driving of vehicles in the bend, and puts forward reasonable suggestions to the existing standard values, which has a certain practical significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U412.36

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本文編號(hào)：2340214