基于三維激光掃描的橋梁檢測(cè)技術(shù)應(yīng)用研究
[Abstract]:In the past two decades, the transportation industry has been greatly developed, and the bridge construction in our country has entered the sustainable development road of "building and supporting both" and has been found in the actual work. There are quite a few old bridges with missing or incomplete data, especially simply supported girder bridges under complex conditions such as cross railway, river crossing and so on. How to detect and evaluate the current performance of bridge structures without design data and drawings is a practical engineering problem that needs to be solved urgently. Three-dimensional laser scanning is a new technology of surveying and mapping. It uses three-dimensional laser scanning equipment to complete the spatial scanning and modeling of the object, and then obtains the spatial and surface information. Compared with the traditional measurement technology, 3D laser scanning technology has the characteristics of real time, large amount of data, strong digitalization and good interaction. The application prospect of 3D laser scanning technology is great. It has been used in the detection of bridge structure across river, valley and high altitude. However, it has achieved good results in bridge detection. Especially, the application of the missing design data in the detection of the old bridge is very few. Based on the basic principle and flow of the old bridge detection, the 3D laser scanning technique is used to carry out the pre-scanning test of the bridge structure. The key design parameters, such as model size, concrete strength and so on, are provided for the static load test of bridges. The purpose of this paper is to put forward a new, convenient and accurate testing method for old bridges. It provides a theoretical reference for the application of 3D laser scanning technology in the detection of old bridges. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the large number of existing bridge detection problems in China which lack of design data, this paper summarizes the current detection methods and means of old bridges in China, including damage. The restoration method of the basic design data and the static load test process in the bridge detection by nondestructive testing measures are described. The basic principle, classification and technical characteristics of the 3D laser scanning technology are described. (2) 3D laser scanning technology has high automation, excellent work efficiency, and can realize multi-point measurement, but its error sources are many. Because of the different scanning error of the instrument itself, this paper analyzes the error of the 3D laser scanning instrument in its own construction and data processing process, and compares with the traditional level instrument. Compared with other geodetic surveying and mapping instruments such as total station, the feasibility of using them for deformation detection is studied. (3) the practical operation process of 3D laser scanning technology is studied through three-dimensional laser scanning test of deflection of outdoor simply supported beam. The process of data acquisition and processing is introduced in detail, and the actual deformation is measured and calculated by means of displacement meter and numerical calculation method. The accuracy and effect of 3D laser scanner are evaluated. (4) based on outdoor test, This paper systematically summarizes the application flow of 3D laser scanning technology applied to the detection of old bridges without design data, and demonstrates the practical application process of 3D laser scanning by a real bridge detection example. The results show that the 3D laser scanning technique can be applied to the deformation detection of the old bridge without data, including the precise scanning of the geometric dimension of the model, the determination of the elastic modulus of the bridge without the design data, and the application in the deflection detection of the bridge. Especially for bridge detection under complex conditions, such as river crossing and railway crossing, using high precision 3D laser scanner and ensuring proper detection distance, the detection accuracy of traditional total station and level instrument can be achieved, and it has good interactivity. The advantages of multi-point measurement can be used to model the finite element more accurately and to provide help for faster and more accurate bridge detection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:U446
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