【摘要】：危險(xiǎn)廢棄物是指在經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中失去使用價(jià)值,但由于在運(yùn)輸、處理、儲(chǔ)存等環(huán)節(jié)如果處理不當(dāng),會(huì)威脅到人類健康,造成環(huán)境污染,而需要進(jìn)行特殊管理的廢棄物。各個(gè)國家加強(qiáng)對危險(xiǎn)廢棄物的管理,確保危險(xiǎn)廢棄物回收的安全性。目前,公認(rèn)的降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的重要措施是進(jìn)行路徑優(yōu)化,通過合理有效的路徑優(yōu)化,降低運(yùn)輸路段發(fā)生事故的頻率,將事故影響后果降到最低。國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對危險(xiǎn)廢棄物進(jìn)行了大量的研究,并考慮到危險(xiǎn)廢棄物實(shí)際運(yùn)輸中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)具有時(shí)變性,因此本課題主要內(nèi)容有：對危險(xiǎn)廢棄物和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)理論分析,總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)度量模型以及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)三大公理,在相關(guān)概念和理論研究基礎(chǔ)上,對危險(xiǎn)廢棄物運(yùn)輸進(jìn)行分析。構(gòu)建時(shí)間因素影響下的事故頻率,結(jié)合修正系數(shù)、運(yùn)輸時(shí)間及事故影響后果的兩種表現(xiàn)形式,建立時(shí)變條件下的人員和環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)度量模型,并且驗(yàn)證建立的模型滿足風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的三個(gè)公理。在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)度量模型基礎(chǔ)上,建立時(shí)變條件下考慮風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和成本的多目標(biāo)最短路問題模型,并給出求解方法,分析表明最短路具有時(shí)變性,并受決策者偏好的影響�？紤]到受經(jīng)濟(jì)和政策等因素的影響,對路徑既定下危險(xiǎn)廢棄物運(yùn)輸問題進(jìn)行分析,建立路徑既定下,考慮時(shí)間因素影響的運(yùn)輸問題的模型,給出求解方法,并分別從靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)兩種狀態(tài)對案例進(jìn)行分析,驗(yàn)證了模型有效性。對動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,時(shí)變條件下危險(xiǎn)廢棄物路徑問題進(jìn)行研究,較之靜態(tài)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的路徑問題,更貼合實(shí)際。在時(shí)變條件下的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)度量模型基礎(chǔ)上,對兩種情況下危險(xiǎn)廢棄物運(yùn)輸問題進(jìn)行研究,應(yīng)用更加廣泛,具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。對論文的主要研究成果進(jìn)行說明,并針對論文中存在的不足之處,指出下一步可能的研究方向。
[Abstract]:Hazardous wastes are wastes that lose use value in economic activities, but because of improper handling in transportation, treatment, storage and other links, it will threaten human health and cause environmental pollution, and need special management. All countries strengthen the management of hazardous wastes to ensure the safety of hazardous waste recovery. At present, it is recognized that the most important measure to reduce the risk is to optimize the route, reduce the frequency of accidents and minimize the consequences of accidents through reasonable and effective route optimization. Scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on hazardous waste, and considering that the risk is time-varying in the actual transportation of hazardous waste, the main contents of this subject are: the theoretical analysis of hazardous waste and risk. This paper summarizes the existing risk measurement models and three axioms of risk, and analyzes the transportation of hazardous wastes on the basis of related concepts and theories. The accident frequency under the influence of time factor is constructed, and the measurement model of personnel and environment risk under time-varying condition is established by combining the two forms of correction coefficient, transportation time and accident effect consequence. And verify that the established model satisfies the three axioms of risk. Based on the risk measurement model, a multi-objective shortest path model considering risk and cost under time-varying conditions is established, and the solution method is given. The analysis shows that the shortest path is time-varying and influenced by the preference of decision makers. Considering the influence of economic and policy factors, this paper analyzes the transportation problem of hazardous wastes under the established route, establishes the model of transportation problem under the fixed path and considering the influence of time factors, and gives the solution method. Cases are analyzed from static and dynamic states to verify the validity of the model. The path problem of hazardous wastes in dynamic networks under time-varying conditions is more practical than that of static networks. On the basis of the risk measurement model under time-varying conditions, the study on the transportation of hazardous wastes under two conditions is more widely used and has practical significance. The main research results of this paper are explained, and the possible research directions are pointed out in view of the shortcomings of the paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U16;U116.2

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本文編號：2289943