地面無人車輛越野環(huán)境多要素合成可通行區(qū)域檢測
[Abstract]:Different from the obstacles above the ground that affect the safety of ground-based unmanned vehicles in the structured urban environment, the sensing system in off-road environment needs to be considered including ground undulation, raised positive obstacles, negative obstacles, water bodies, etc. Slope and other environmental factors. In order to make the ground unmanned vehicle complete the safe driving in the off-road environment, the sensing system must have the ability to locally perceive these environmental elements, or the ability of synthesizing the environmental information elements to obtain the passable area. In this paper, we present a set of cross-country environment multi-factor synthesis passable area detection system for these environmental elements. Firstly, the geometry model of 32-line lidar is analyzed, and the 3D laser point cloud data is acquired based on PCL point cloud library. A simple calibration method of installation parameters between 32-line lidar and ground unmanned vehicle is proposed. Secondly, the polar grid map is used to grid the local environment of the vehicle by laser point cloud, which raises positive obstacles, negative obstacles and water bodies on the ground. Many environmental factors such as slope are analyzed and extracted. (1) the reference height of grid ground is calculated by straight-line fitting of candidate points in sector block of polar grid map. The maximum height difference between grid laser point cloud and ground reference height is calculated to judge grid state, and the separation of ground point and positive obstacle point is realized. At the same time, by calculating the variance of the laser point height in the ground grid, the irregularity of the ground grid is analyzed; (2) the negative obstacle detection is carried out by calculating the radial interval of the laser line in the adjacent layer; (3) by the method of no excitation in the polar grid map, the negative barrier is detected by calculating the radial interval of the laser line in the adjacent layer. The unknown state grid of the spot is maximum, Minimum height fill to establish polar radar map, Along the circumferential direction of the polar radar map, the road edge obstacle is detected by calculating the height difference between grids; (4) the water area is detected by echo intensity filter; (5) the plane feature is extracted by random sampling consistency method to the laser points in the grid. And combined with the slope constraints to achieve slope detection. Finally, the polar grid map positive barrier grid, negative barrier grid, road edge grid, water barrier grid and slope grid are labeled as obstacle grid. By analyzing the measurement of positive obstacle, negative obstacle and ground by analyzing the adjacent laser scanning line at the same angle, the accessible area of polar grid map is extended. The passable area can be extracted. The real vehicle experiments in off-road environment show that the system can meet the requirements of low speed and safety driving of ground unmanned vehicles in medium undulating off-road environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:U495;U463.6
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