【摘要】：黃土是一種具有獨特工程特性的土,因此黃土隧道的施工面臨許多重要的問題,其中很多隧道在洞口或者洞身段圍巖軟弱,大多數(shù)隧道開挖時掌子面周圍的巖體自穩(wěn)能力很差,需要對其進行預(yù)加固即超前支護,而注漿小導(dǎo)管作為眾多超前支護中施工工藝簡單、加固效果明顯、經(jīng)濟性強的方法之一在工程實踐中得到越來越多的應(yīng)用;同時為了能更有效、安全、快速的施工,應(yīng)對預(yù)支護和綜合施工技術(shù)進行了研究。本文以“連霍高速”的定遠2#隧道為依托,以黃土隧道V級圍巖段的工程施工為分析要點,對以上兩個問題進行研究。論文的完成的主要工作如下:(1)通過定遠隧道現(xiàn)場監(jiān)控量測數(shù)據(jù)分析圍巖的變形情況以及支護受力的特點。系統(tǒng)分析兩者之間的變化關(guān)系,分析結(jié)果表明,圍巖變形持續(xù)時間長、初期變形速率快。(2)對超前小導(dǎo)管的注漿加固機理及作用效應(yīng)進行系統(tǒng)分析,然后對超前小導(dǎo)管預(yù)支護的各項參數(shù)進行一個簡單論述,用MIDAS/GTS軟件進行數(shù)值計算模擬,分析注漿小導(dǎo)管管徑、環(huán)向間距、管長和注漿長度等因素對加固效果的影響。(3)有針對性的提出了不同的變形控制措施,通過模擬計算對二臺階環(huán)形開挖預(yù)留核心土的工法在不同臺階高度、臺階長度以及開挖進尺的情況下進行逐個分析。并最終優(yōu)選最適合的控制措施來抑制圍巖的變形。(4)對比分析采用不同開挖形式,人工費和油耗費在總支出上所占比重最大。油耗費是隨機械化的程度改變的,使用的機械設(shè)備越多機械化水平越高油耗的費用也隨之增大。但相比昂貴的人工費,總支出會降低。所以在選擇設(shè)備時應(yīng)盡量選取工作利用率高的配套機械。
[Abstract]:Loess is a kind of soil with special engineering characteristics, so the construction of loess tunnel is faced with many important problems, many of which are weak in the surrounding rock at the entrance or section of the hole, and the rock mass around the face of most tunnels is poor in self-stability when excavating. It needs to be pre-strengthened, that is, advance support, and grouting small pipe as a large number of lead support construction technology is simple, the reinforcement effect is obvious, one of the strong economic methods in engineering practice has been more and more applied; At the same time, in order to be more effective, safe and rapid construction, we should study the pre-support and comprehensive construction technology. Based on the Dingyuan2# tunnel of "Lianghuo high speed" and the engineering construction of V-class surrounding rock section of loess tunnel, the above two problems are studied in this paper. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) the deformation of surrounding rock and the characteristics of supporting force are analyzed by monitoring and measuring data of Dingyuan tunnel. The results show that the deformation duration of surrounding rock is long and the initial deformation rate is fast. (2) the mechanism of grouting reinforcement and the effect of grouting on small lead ducts are systematically analyzed. Then, the parameters of pre-support for leading small ducts are simply discussed, and the numerical calculation and simulation are carried out with MIDAS/GTS software, and the diameter and circumferential spacing of grouting small ducts are analyzed. The influence of pipe length and grouting length on reinforcement effect. (3) different deformation control measures are put forward. The step length and the excavation advance are analyzed one by one. Finally, the most suitable control measures are selected to restrain the deformation of surrounding rock. (4) by comparing and analyzing the different excavation forms, the labor cost and fuel consumption cost account for the largest proportion in the total expenditure. The cost of oil consumption varies with the degree of mechanization, and the higher the level of mechanization, the higher the cost of oil consumption. But compared with expensive labor costs, total spending will be reduced. Therefore, the selection of equipment should be as high as possible to select the working efficiency of the supporting machinery.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U455.4

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