【摘要】：采用鉆爆法施工的隧道,施工過(guò)程中不可避免地要產(chǎn)生爆破振動(dòng),不僅威脅周圍建(構(gòu))筑物的安全而且危害居民的身心健康。如何在不影響或少影響施工效率的前提下,盡可能降低爆破振動(dòng),已成為隧道爆破施工首要解決的問(wèn)題。為降低地鐵車站爆破施工對(duì)周圍建筑物的振動(dòng)擾動(dòng)、提高爆破施工效率,本文以青島地鐵2號(hào)線一期工程土建01標(biāo)延安路車站近接建筑物爆破施工為背景,在爆破振動(dòng)控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)格要求的條件下,從理論分析和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)兩個(gè)方面,對(duì)多級(jí)楔形掏槽減振機(jī)理、不同掏槽爆破參數(shù)對(duì)地表建筑物振動(dòng)影響、掏槽爆破振動(dòng)影響因素權(quán)重及自由面與最小抵抗線對(duì)隧道爆破振動(dòng)影響進(jìn)行了研究,并將研究成果應(yīng)用于地鐵車站爆破施工中,不僅將爆破振速控制在設(shè)計(jì)允許的范圍內(nèi),而且提高了施工效率,保證了工期。本文的主要研究結(jié)論有:(1)多級(jí)楔形掏槽的減振機(jī)理可以從單段最大起爆藥量和自由面?zhèn)�數(shù)兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析。(2)多級(jí)楔形掏槽在淺埋暗挖隧道近接建筑物爆破施工中具有較好的減振效果。其比鉆孔、爆破振動(dòng)控制、炮孔利用率、炸藥雷管單耗等經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)指標(biāo)均優(yōu)于大直徑中空孔直眼掏槽。多級(jí)楔形掏槽的第二級(jí)、第三級(jí)掏槽逐孔起爆,減振效果顯著。在炮孔深度1.1m,單孔裝藥量0.3kg的情況下,較掏槽孔成對(duì)起爆,掏槽孔逐孔起爆產(chǎn)生的峰值振速最高可降低67.5%。同時(shí)掏槽孔逐孔起爆不會(huì)降低掏槽的炮孔利用率。(3)爆破振動(dòng)控制嚴(yán)格時(shí),宜選用三級(jí)以上的多級(jí)楔形掏槽,各級(jí)掏槽的炮孔傾角從低級(jí)向高級(jí)逐漸增大,第三級(jí)掏槽炮孔深度應(yīng)大于其他掏槽孔,第一級(jí)與第二級(jí)掏槽、第二級(jí)與第三級(jí)掏槽的間距不宜超過(guò)0.4m,第二級(jí)掏槽孔數(shù)布設(shè)5對(duì),其他級(jí)布設(shè)4對(duì),同級(jí)掏槽孔宜采用先中間后兩邊起爆順序,段最小間隔時(shí)間25ms以上,可取得較好的減振效果。(4)采用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析法,以現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)為樣本,結(jié)合MATLAB程序計(jì)算,得出多級(jí)楔形掏槽爆破振動(dòng)可控影響因素的重要度排序,從大到小依次為:掏槽區(qū)比鉆孔、第二級(jí)掏槽單段最大起爆藥量、第一級(jí)掏槽單段最大起爆藥量、第二級(jí)掏槽孔炮孔深度、第三級(jí)掏槽孔炮孔深度、掏槽級(jí)數(shù)、第三級(jí)掏槽單段最大起爆藥量、同級(jí)掏槽孔起爆順序、段最小間隔時(shí)間。(5)爆破振動(dòng)受自由面與最小抵抗線共同影響。在爆心距、單段最大起爆藥量相同而自由面?zhèn)�數(shù)不同時(shí),自由面數(shù)量越多,位于隧道斜上方的質(zhì)點(diǎn)振動(dòng)強(qiáng)度越小;自由面?zhèn)�數(shù)相同而最小抵抗線方向不同時(shí),質(zhì)點(diǎn)振動(dòng)強(qiáng)度也不同,其中最小抵抗線方向豎直向上時(shí),質(zhì)點(diǎn)振動(dòng)強(qiáng)度最小;質(zhì)點(diǎn)振動(dòng)強(qiáng)度還與最小抵抗線大小有關(guān),相同條件下,最小抵抗線大,質(zhì)點(diǎn)振動(dòng)強(qiáng)度也大。本文的研究結(jié)論可為類似工程建設(shè)提供參考。
[Abstract]:Blasting vibration is inevitable in the construction process of tunnels constructed by drilling and blasting method, which not only threatens the safety of the surrounding buildings, but also endangers the physical and mental health of the residents. How to reduce blasting vibration as far as possible without affecting construction efficiency or less has become the most important problem in tunnel blasting construction. In order to reduce the vibration disturbance caused by the blasting construction of subway station and improve the efficiency of blasting construction, this paper takes the blasting construction of the adjacent building of No. 01 Yanan Road Station of Qingdao Metro Line 2 as the background. Under the strict requirements of blasting vibration control standards, the mechanism of multi-stage wedge cutting vibration reduction and the effect of different cutting blasting parameters on the vibration of ground buildings are studied from two aspects: theoretical analysis and field test. The influence factors weight of cutting blasting vibration and the influence of free surface and minimum resistance line on tunnel blasting vibration are studied. The research results are applied to the blasting construction of subway station, and not only the blasting vibration velocity is controlled within the scope of design allowable. Moreover, the construction efficiency is improved and the construction period is guaranteed. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the vibration absorption mechanism of multistage wedge cutting can be analyzed from two aspects: the maximum explosive quantity of single stage and the number of free surface. It has better vibration absorption effect. The economic and technical indexes such as specific drilling, blasting vibration control, hole utilization ratio and unit consumption of explosive detonator are better than large diameter hollow hole straight hole cutting. The second stage and the third stage of the multi-stage wedge-shaped cutting are hole-by-hole priming, and the effect of vibration reduction is remarkable. When the depth of the hole is 1.1 m and the charge amount of the single hole is 0.3kg, the peak vibration velocity can be reduced by 67.5% as compared with that of the cut hole in pairs, and the peak vibration velocity produced by the hole-by-hole initiation can be reduced up to 67.5%. At the same time, the hole-by-hole blasting will not reduce the hole-to-hole utilization ratio. (3) when the blasting vibration is strictly controlled, the multi-stage wedge-shaped cutting should be selected, and the hole inclination of each level gradually increases from the lower level to the higher level. The depth of the gunhole at the third level shall be greater than that of the other cutting, the first and the second shall be cut, the spacing between the second and the third shall not exceed 0.4 m, the number of the second and the second shall be arranged in 5 pairs, and the other level shall be arranged in 4 pairs. It is advisable to adopt the initiation sequence between the middle and the two sides of the same cutting hole, and the minimum interval time of the section is above 25ms. (4) the method of grey relational analysis is used to calculate the vibration of the same cutting hole, and the field measured data is taken as the sample, and the calculation is combined with the MATLAB program. The order of importance of controllable factors for vibration control of multi-stage wedge cut blasting is obtained. The order from large to small is as follows: cut area ratio drilling hole, maximum initial explosive quantity of second cut single section, maximum initiation charge of the first cut single section. The second cutting hole depth, the third cutting hole depth, the cutting series, the third cutting single section maximum initiating charge, the same level cutting hole initiation sequence, (5) blasting vibration is affected by free surface and minimum resistance line. The larger the number of free surfaces, the smaller the vibration intensity of particles located above the tunnel, and the same number of free surfaces and different directions of minimum resistance lines. The particle vibration intensity is also different when the minimum resistance line direction is vertical upward and the particle vibration intensity is related to the minimum resistance line size. Under the same conditions the minimum resistance line is large and the particle vibration intensity is large. The conclusion of this paper can provide reference for similar engineering construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U455.41

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