【摘要】：鑒于我國(guó)巖溶隧道施工過程中頻繁遭遇的突水災(zāi)害造成重大損失和人員傷亡的現(xiàn)狀,本項(xiàng)目以防止巖溶隧道突水災(zāi)害發(fā)生為目的,結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外突水災(zāi)害案例,依托國(guó)家安全生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理總局項(xiàng)目“巖溶隧道橋隧過渡段圍巖穩(wěn)定性及施工力學(xué)行為研究”和四川教育廳科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目“巖溶隧道突水災(zāi)害發(fā)生機(jī)理及防治措施研究”,以圓梁山隧道為背景,通過文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研,歸納分析了巖溶隧道突水災(zāi)害特征及其影響因素,在此基礎(chǔ)上分別推導(dǎo)出溶腔隱伏洞分別分布于巖溶隧道頂部、側(cè)部和底部時(shí)的巖盤安全厚度值,并利用數(shù)值分析方法深入研究了巖溶隧道突水災(zāi)害發(fā)生機(jī)理及其防治措施,以期解決巖溶隧道防治突水災(zāi)害設(shè)計(jì)中的不足和難點(diǎn)。主要研究成果如下： (1)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外巖溶隧道突水、突泥災(zāi)害事故進(jìn)行總結(jié)和歸類,明確突水突泥災(zāi)害對(duì)工程的巨大危害作用；對(duì)巖溶突水機(jī)理的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了總結(jié),指出目前研究存在的科學(xué)問題,明確研究目的、內(nèi)容和方法。分析巖溶隧道突水災(zāi)害特征和巖溶隧道突水災(zāi)害的影響因素,相關(guān)研究有助于加深人們對(duì)巖溶隧道突水災(zāi)害的理解和認(rèn)識(shí)。 (2)將巖溶隧道巖盤簡(jiǎn)化為結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)模型,分別考慮溶腔隱伏洞分別位于隧道頂部、底部以及側(cè)部時(shí),按抗彎以及抗剪強(qiáng)度推導(dǎo)出巖盤安全厚度的解析表達(dá)式。理論結(jié)果得出的巖盤厚度值與工程實(shí)際預(yù)留的安全厚度值比較接近,結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了理論公式的合理性。 (3)以FLAC3D數(shù)值軟件為基礎(chǔ),建立了隱伏溶腔分別位于隧道頂部、底部以及側(cè)部時(shí)三種數(shù)值計(jì)算模型,并將溶腔內(nèi)水壓力簡(jiǎn)化為溶腔內(nèi)等效的法向應(yīng)力。根據(jù)水壓力以及位移增長(zhǎng)曲線可以判斷出了巖盤發(fā)生破壞的臨界水壓力,進(jìn)而得出水壓力和巖盤安全厚度之間的關(guān)系曲線；數(shù)值結(jié)果和理論結(jié)果對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)：數(shù)值結(jié)果得出的巖盤安全厚度值比理論結(jié)果稍微偏小,但是安全厚度值隨水壓力的增長(zhǎng)率基本相當(dāng)。 (4)結(jié)合圓梁山隧道毛壩向斜2#溶洞的相關(guān)特點(diǎn),整理了針對(duì)2#溶洞突水防治的主要方法,為了驗(yàn)證注漿對(duì)隧道穩(wěn)定性的影響,通過FLAC3D對(duì)注漿效果進(jìn)行了檢驗(yàn),對(duì)比注漿前后巖盤受到的最大剪應(yīng)力、最大主應(yīng)力以及位移狀況,得到以下結(jié)論：注漿后隧道周邊圍巖最大剪應(yīng)力、最大主應(yīng)力以及巖盤發(fā)生的最大位移值都有一定程度的減少,說明注漿后圍巖的整體強(qiáng)度得到明顯的提升,圍巖的抵抗溶腔高水壓的能力得到明顯加強(qiáng)。 (5)圓梁山2#溶腔周邊的監(jiān)測(cè)資料顯示,襯砌受到的壓應(yīng)力比數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果明顯偏大,說明有兩種可能：一是圍巖周邊存在的水壓力大于4MPa；二是FLAC3D在計(jì)算的過程中沒有考慮到實(shí)際圍巖存在的結(jié)構(gòu)面問題,采用的圍巖參數(shù)比實(shí)際圍巖參數(shù)更好。
[Abstract]:In view of the serious loss and casualties caused by the frequent water inrush disasters in the construction of karst tunnels in China, this project aims at preventing the water inrush disasters in karst tunnels, combining with the cases of water inrush disasters at home and abroad. Based on the project of the State Administration of production Safety Supervision and Administration "study on the Stability of surrounding Rock and Construction Mechanics behavior of the transition Section of Karst Tunnel Bridge and Tunnel" and the project of Science and Technology Plan of Sichuan Education Office, "study on Mechanism and Prevention measures of Water inrush disaster in Karst Tunnel", Based on the background of Yuanliangshan Tunnel, the characteristics of karst tunnel water inrush disaster and its influencing factors are summarized and analyzed through literature investigation. On the basis of this, it is deduced that the buried cave of dissolved cavity distributes on the top of karst tunnel respectively. The safety thickness of the rock plate at the side and the bottom is studied. The mechanism of the karst tunnel water inrush disaster and its prevention measures are deeply studied by using the numerical analysis method in order to solve the deficiency and difficulty in the design of the karst tunnel water inrush disaster prevention. The main research results are as follows: (1) summing up and classifying the accidents of water inrush and mud inrush in karst tunnels at home and abroad, clarifying the great harm effect of water and mud inrush disaster to engineering, summarizing the present research situation of karst water inrush mechanism, This paper points out the scientific problems existing in the present research, and clarifies the purpose, contents and methods of the research. The characteristics of karst tunnel water inrush disaster and the influencing factors of karst tunnel water inrush disaster are analyzed. The relevant research is helpful to deepen people's understanding and understanding of karst tunnel water inrush disaster. (2) the karst tunnel rock plate is simplified as a structural mechanics model. When the cavities are located at the top, bottom and side of the tunnel respectively, the analytical expressions of the safe thickness of the rock plate are derived according to the bending and shear strength. The thickness of the rock plate obtained from the theoretical results is close to that of the safety thickness reserved in engineering practice. The results verify the rationality of the theoretical formula. (3) based on the FLAC3D numerical software, the concealed cavities are respectively located at the top of the tunnel. At the bottom and the side, the water pressure in the cavity is simplified to equivalent normal stress in the cavity. According to the water pressure and displacement growth curve, the critical water pressure can be determined, and the relationship between the water pressure and the safe thickness of the rock plate can be obtained. By comparing the numerical results with the theoretical results, it is found that the safe thickness of the rock plates obtained by the numerical results is slightly smaller than that of the theoretical results. But the safe thickness value is basically the same with the increase rate of water pressure. (4) combined with the relevant characteristics of Maoba syncline of Yuanliangshan Tunnel, the main methods of preventing and controlling the water inrush from the cavern in 2# are sorted out. In order to verify the influence of grouting on tunnel stability, the grouting effect was tested by FLAC3D, and the maximum shear stress, maximum principal stress and displacement were compared before and after grouting. The following conclusions are obtained: the maximum shear stress, the maximum principal stress and the maximum displacement of the surrounding rock around the tunnel after grouting have been reduced to a certain extent, which indicates that the overall strength of the surrounding rock after grouting is obviously enhanced. The ability of surrounding rock to resist the high water pressure of the cavity is obviously strengthened. (5) the monitoring data around the cavity around Yuanliangshan show that the compressive stress of the lining is obviously larger than that of the numerical simulation results. It shows that there are two possibilities: one is that the water pressure around the surrounding rock is more than 4 MPA, the other is that FLAC3D does not take into account the structural plane problem of the actual surrounding rock in the calculation process, and the parameters of the surrounding rock are better than those of the actual surrounding rock.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U452.11

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