發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-24 07:31

【摘要】：我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展的同時(shí),交通擁堵成為一個(gè)困擾各大大小小城市的問(wèn)題。單純地拓展交通線路并不是一個(gè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的辦法,只有把握整個(gè)路網(wǎng)的使用情況才能制定合理的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。然而由于覆蓋的樣本有限,基于現(xiàn)代科技的交通流量檢測(cè)方法(波頻檢測(cè)技術(shù)、磁頻檢測(cè)技術(shù)和視頻檢測(cè)技術(shù))和基于GPS的交通流量檢測(cè)方法均不能較全面地反映道路的使用情況。另一方面,有著極高持有率的手機(jī)為交通信息的獲取提供了大量的數(shù)據(jù)。因此在深入了解現(xiàn)有道路使用需求計(jì)算方法的基礎(chǔ)上,本文使用手機(jī)基站數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算和分析南京城市路網(wǎng)的使用需求。其主要工作包括：1) 對(duì)基站進(jìn)行層次聚類以緩解過(guò)去基站覆蓋范圍模型存在的問(wèn)題；并使用SQL語(yǔ)句簡(jiǎn)潔地實(shí)現(xiàn)了OD矩陣的計(jì)算。2)依據(jù)開源地圖OSM完成了南京城市路網(wǎng)的構(gòu)建。3)針對(duì)使用Dijkstra最短路徑算法模擬車輛出行線路所存在的不足,設(shè)計(jì)了基于轉(zhuǎn)移概率的路徑選擇算法。4) 為配合本文的路徑選擇算法,設(shè)計(jì)了新的區(qū)域到路網(wǎng)的匹配方法；并在此基礎(chǔ)上計(jì)算了各道路的使用需求及其來(lái)源。在缺乏真實(shí)道路使用需求數(shù)據(jù)的情況下,本文根據(jù)日常生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)驗(yàn)證計(jì)算得到的結(jié)果。主要的發(fā)現(xiàn)有：1) OD區(qū)域按其人數(shù)變化趨勢(shì)可以分成兩類,且晚上人多的一類大致屬于居民區(qū)。2) 計(jì)算得到的OD量與道路使用需求量的變化趨勢(shì)符合人們的通勤規(guī)律。具體表現(xiàn)為,工作日出行早高峰在7：30到9：00之間；而晚高峰在17：00到19：00之間；且在中午12：00左右會(huì)出現(xiàn)短距離出行的小高峰。3) 道路使用需求量大小與其來(lái)源數(shù)量呈正相關(guān),且源頭對(duì)道路使用需求的貢獻(xiàn)大致服從二八定律。4) 計(jì)算得到的高使用需求道路對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)中的擁堵道路有著相當(dāng)高的召回率,如南京長(zhǎng)江大橋、中央路、玄武湖隧道和應(yīng)天大街高架等等。上述的對(duì)比和發(fā)現(xiàn)證明了本文設(shè)計(jì)的計(jì)算方法的有效性。最后,結(jié)合道路使用需求來(lái)源的計(jì)算,本文給出了其在交通領(lǐng)域的潛在應(yīng)用,包括潛在擁堵識(shí)別、擁堵成因分析和城市交通規(guī)劃輔助決策支持。
[Abstract]:With the steady development of economy in our country, traffic congestion has become a problem that puzzles cities large and small. Simply expanding traffic lines is not a sustainable development method. Only by grasping the use of the whole road network can we formulate reasonable countermeasures. However, due to the limited number of samples covered, a new method of traffic flow detection based on modern science and technology (wave frequency detection, Neither the magnetic frequency detection technology nor the video detection technique] and the traffic flow detection method based on GPS can not fully reflect the road usage. On the other hand, mobile phones with extremely high holding rate provide a lot of data for obtaining traffic information. Therefore, based on the deep understanding of the existing road demand calculation methods, this paper uses mobile phone base station data to calculate and analyze the demand of Nanjing urban road network. The main work includes: (1) hierarchical clustering of base stations to alleviate the problems existing in the past base station coverage model; The OD matrix is calculated by using SQL sentence. 2) based on the open source map OSM, the construction of Nanjing urban road network is completed. 3) aiming at the shortcomings of using Dijkstra shortest path algorithm to simulate vehicle travel routes. A path selection algorithm based on transition probability is designed. In order to match the path selection algorithm in this paper, a new matching method of region to road network is designed, and on this basis, the demand for each road and its source are calculated. In the absence of real road use demand data, this paper verifies the calculated results according to daily life experience. The main findings are as follows: (1) the OD region can be divided into two categories according to its population change trend, and the type with large number of people at night belongs to the residential area approximately. 2) the change trend of OD quantity and road use demand obtained by calculation accords with the commuting law of people. It is shown that the peak of working day travel is between 7:30 and 9:00, while the evening peak is between 17:00 and 9:00. And there will be a small peak of short distance travel around 12:00) the demand for road use is positively correlated with the number of sources. And the contribution of the source to the demand for road use is generally satisfied with the high demand for roads calculated from law .4). The roads with high demand have a high recall rate to the congested roads in reality, such as the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, the Central Road, Xuanwu Lake Tunnel and Yingtian Street elevated and so on. The comparison and discovery above prove the validity of the calculation method designed in this paper. Finally, combined with the calculation of the demand sources of road use, the potential applications in the field of traffic, including potential congestion identification, congestion cause analysis and urban traffic planning decision support, are given in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491

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