巖溶地區(qū)生態(tài)防排水技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-21 19:49
【摘要】：中國作為世界上擁有巖溶很多的國家,它的巖溶總面積接近363萬km2,占國土面積的1/3,并且?guī)r溶地貌具有分布廣泛、面積大的特點(diǎn)。而巖溶地區(qū)的水環(huán)境相當(dāng)脆弱,在巖溶地區(qū)進(jìn)行公路建設(shè)很容易造成水環(huán)境破壞,一旦破壞,很難恢復(fù)。不合理的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動將會使該地區(qū)的很多地方水土流失十分嚴(yán)重,各種災(zāi)害發(fā)生頻繁,從而阻礙了巖溶區(qū)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。本文旨在研究巖溶地區(qū)公路排水與生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)相協(xié)調(diào),合理設(shè)計(jì)、滿足生態(tài)保護(hù)要求的排水系統(tǒng),保護(hù)公路沿線的植被和水環(huán)境�？紤]到巖溶地區(qū)脆弱的生態(tài)環(huán)境,在該地區(qū)進(jìn)行工程建設(shè)時盡量減少開挖量,保持原有的生態(tài)平衡,本文進(jìn)一步提出了淺碟形植草邊溝。然而影響淺碟形植草邊溝過水能力的有過水?dāng)嗝娴拿娣e、邊溝的底坡坡度,還有邊溝的壁面粗糙系數(shù)。但對給定的明渠均勻流來說,粗糙系數(shù)的變化影響著渠道的排水能力。通過室內(nèi)模型試驗(yàn)研究生態(tài)植草邊溝內(nèi)的水流特性,對5組不同流量下的植草邊溝與非植草邊溝進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)的研究,然后通過試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合水力學(xué)分析,結(jié)果表明:植草邊溝內(nèi)的水流在緩流情況下,其粗糙系數(shù)為0.03。同時,邊溝內(nèi)的植草在很大程度上改變了原來水流的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),較混凝土邊溝的溝渠糙率增大,流速減小,水位升高,水力半徑增大。邊溝粗糙系數(shù)也隨著其它水力要素間的改變而變化,并不為常數(shù)。流量的增大會引起粗糙系數(shù)減小。隨著表征水流狀態(tài)的雷諾數(shù)和佛汝德數(shù)的增加,粗糙系數(shù)呈現(xiàn)一個下降的趨勢,且與佛汝德數(shù)之間擬合公式的相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.9974,表明擬合關(guān)系很好。根據(jù)室內(nèi)生態(tài)邊溝模型試驗(yàn)分析,加之巖溶地區(qū)這種特殊的地質(zhì)概況,結(jié)合巖溶地區(qū)公路生態(tài)排水的設(shè)計(jì)的原則,提出適合巖溶地區(qū)生態(tài)排水的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù),為以后在巖溶地區(qū)進(jìn)行類似的工程建設(shè)提供一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:As a country with a lot of karst in the world, China has a total karst area of nearly 3.63 million km ~ 2, accounting for one third of the land area, and the karst geomorphology has the characteristics of wide distribution and large area. However, the water environment in karst area is very fragile, it is easy to cause water environment damage by highway construction in karst area, once destroyed, it is difficult to recover. Unreasonable economic activities will cause serious soil and water loss and frequent disasters in many places in this area, thus hindering the development of national economy in karst area. The purpose of this paper is to study the drainage system of highway in karst area, which is coordinated with ecological environment protection, reasonably designed to meet the requirements of ecological protection, and protects the vegetation and water environment along the highway. In view of the fragile ecological environment in karst area, the excavation amount is reduced and the original ecological balance is maintained during the engineering construction in this area. However, the area of the cross section, the slope of the bottom slope and the roughness coefficient of the wall of the edge ditch affect the water passing ability of the edge ditch. But for a given open channel uniform flow, the variation of roughness coefficient affects the drainage capacity of the channel. Through the indoor model test to study the characteristics of water flow in the edge ditch of ecological grass planting, five groups of grass edge ditch and non-planting edge ditch under different flow rate were studied systematically, and then the test data were combined with hydraulic analysis. The results show that the rough coefficient of the flow in the furrow is 0.03 under the condition of slow flow. At the same time, the grass planting in the edge ditch changed the internal structure of the original flow to a great extent, which increased the roughness, decreased the velocity, increased the water level and increased the hydraulic radius compared with the concrete side ditch. The roughness coefficient of edge trenches varies with the change of other hydraulic factors and is not constant. The roughness coefficient decreases with the increase of flow rate. With the increase of Reynolds number and Froude number, the rough coefficient shows a downward trend, and the correlation coefficient between the fitting formula and the Froude number is 0.9974, which indicates that the fitting relationship is good. According to the indoor ecological side ditch model test and the special geological situation in karst area, combined with the design principle of highway ecological drainage in karst area, the design parameters suitable for ecological drainage in karst area are put forward. It provides some reference value for similar engineering construction in karst area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U417.3
本文編號：2196184
[Abstract]:As a country with a lot of karst in the world, China has a total karst area of nearly 3.63 million km ~ 2, accounting for one third of the land area, and the karst geomorphology has the characteristics of wide distribution and large area. However, the water environment in karst area is very fragile, it is easy to cause water environment damage by highway construction in karst area, once destroyed, it is difficult to recover. Unreasonable economic activities will cause serious soil and water loss and frequent disasters in many places in this area, thus hindering the development of national economy in karst area. The purpose of this paper is to study the drainage system of highway in karst area, which is coordinated with ecological environment protection, reasonably designed to meet the requirements of ecological protection, and protects the vegetation and water environment along the highway. In view of the fragile ecological environment in karst area, the excavation amount is reduced and the original ecological balance is maintained during the engineering construction in this area. However, the area of the cross section, the slope of the bottom slope and the roughness coefficient of the wall of the edge ditch affect the water passing ability of the edge ditch. But for a given open channel uniform flow, the variation of roughness coefficient affects the drainage capacity of the channel. Through the indoor model test to study the characteristics of water flow in the edge ditch of ecological grass planting, five groups of grass edge ditch and non-planting edge ditch under different flow rate were studied systematically, and then the test data were combined with hydraulic analysis. The results show that the rough coefficient of the flow in the furrow is 0.03 under the condition of slow flow. At the same time, the grass planting in the edge ditch changed the internal structure of the original flow to a great extent, which increased the roughness, decreased the velocity, increased the water level and increased the hydraulic radius compared with the concrete side ditch. The roughness coefficient of edge trenches varies with the change of other hydraulic factors and is not constant. The roughness coefficient decreases with the increase of flow rate. With the increase of Reynolds number and Froude number, the rough coefficient shows a downward trend, and the correlation coefficient between the fitting formula and the Froude number is 0.9974, which indicates that the fitting relationship is good. According to the indoor ecological side ditch model test and the special geological situation in karst area, combined with the design principle of highway ecological drainage in karst area, the design parameters suitable for ecological drainage in karst area are put forward. It provides some reference value for similar engineering construction in karst area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U417.3
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條
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，本文編號：2196184
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