【摘要】：城市高架快速路作為城市交通的重要組成部分,在城市交通擁堵日益嚴(yán)重的趨勢下,高架快速路"進(jìn)不去,出不來"的交通問題日益頻現(xiàn),其中出口匝道區(qū)域擁堵則是較為突顯的問題之一;當(dāng)出口匝道下游銜接交叉口時(shí),交通需求過大往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致交叉口處于過飽和狀態(tài),進(jìn)口道和匝道排隊(duì)回溢至速路主路及上游交叉口,"出不來"現(xiàn)象更為嚴(yán)重。因此進(jìn)行匝道銜接交叉口的信號(hào)控制優(yōu)化研究,提升出口匝道銜接區(qū)域通行效率,對(duì)緩解出口匝道及下游交叉口區(qū)域交通擁堵是非常重要的。為緩解城市高架快速路"出不來"的交通問題,本文著重對(duì)出口匝道與下游交叉口銜接區(qū)域的交通流模型和信號(hào)控制優(yōu)化方法進(jìn)行研究;具體研究工作如下:本文首先系統(tǒng)地分析總結(jié)了快速路出入口匝道控制方法及過飽和交叉口控制方法的研究、應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀;對(duì)高架快速路出口匝道的設(shè)置形式、銜接進(jìn)口道的交通組織方式進(jìn)行了分類分析,并結(jié)合VISSIM仿真研究了不同交織流量比對(duì)交織區(qū)的影響。針對(duì)匝道駛出車輛流向不同所導(dǎo)致的匝道銜接段交織問題,綜合考慮了不同車道中的自由變道模型和強(qiáng)制變道模型,分析了相鄰元胞間變道傳輸概率,同時(shí)引入了虛擬元胞滯留車輛的檢驗(yàn)方法,構(gòu)建了出口匝道銜接段的改進(jìn)元胞傳輸模型。以交叉口常規(guī)進(jìn)口道和匝道銜接進(jìn)口道為算例,驗(yàn)證結(jié)果表明改進(jìn)元胞傳輸模型能較為真實(shí)地模擬不同進(jìn)口道的排隊(duì)形成與消散過程。結(jié)合變綠信比變周期策略和綠燈延長或提前啟亮的思想,本文提出了考慮綠燈時(shí)間間隔的變綠信比變周期控制策略,利用改進(jìn)元胞傳輸模型構(gòu)建了各進(jìn)口道元胞流量傳輸與信號(hào)相位關(guān)聯(lián)的控制模型,通過該模型將交叉口信號(hào)控制與路網(wǎng)交通流傳輸和元胞狀態(tài)更新整合;以改進(jìn)元胞傳輸模型所獲交通效率評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)為基礎(chǔ),以加權(quán)平均延誤作為目標(biāo)函數(shù),構(gòu)建了綜合考慮各進(jìn)口車道飽和度狀態(tài)的信號(hào)控制優(yōu)化模型,同時(shí)結(jié)合遺傳算法實(shí)現(xiàn)了該類型交叉口的動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)化。充分考慮交叉口不同飽和度狀態(tài),利用MATLAB編程構(gòu)建匝道及銜接交叉口元胞傳輸模型,并實(shí)現(xiàn)交叉口信號(hào)配時(shí)的實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)化控制和路網(wǎng)狀態(tài)更新;最后以成都市二環(huán)高架快速路牛市口出口匝道及銜接交叉口為實(shí)例,以晚高峰交通量作為交通需求輸入,驗(yàn)證表明模型對(duì)該類型交叉口非飽和、飽和狀態(tài)均有較好的控制優(yōu)化效果。
[Abstract]:As an important part of urban traffic, urban elevated expressway is becoming more and more frequent in the trend of urban traffic congestion. The congestion of the exit ramp is one of the more prominent problems. When the downstream of the exit ramp is connected to the intersection, the traffic demand will often lead to the intersection in a state of supersaturation. The phenomenon of "not coming out" is more serious when the inlet and ramp queue overflows to the main road and the upstream intersection of the speed road. Therefore, it is very important to optimize the signal control of the ramp junction and improve the efficiency of the exit ramp junction area to alleviate the traffic congestion of the exit ramp and downstream intersection. In order to alleviate the traffic problem of "not coming out" of urban elevated expressway, this paper focuses on the study of traffic flow model and signal control optimization method in the junction area of exit ramp and downstream intersection. The specific research work is as follows: firstly, this paper systematically analyzes and summarizes the control methods of exit ramp and over-saturated intersection, the application status, the setting form of exit ramp of elevated expressway, The traffic organization mode of the junction entrance is classified and analyzed, and the influence of different interleaving flow ratio on the interleaving area is studied by VISSIM simulation. Aiming at the interleaving problem of ramp junction caused by the different flow direction of off-ramp vehicles, the free and forced lane changing models in different lanes are considered synthetically, and the probability of channel transfer between adjacent cells is analyzed. At the same time, an improved cellular transmission model of exit ramp junction is constructed by introducing the inspection method of virtual cell stranded vehicle. By taking the conventional entrances and ramps of intersections as an example, the results show that the improved cellular transmission model can simulate the formation and dissipation process of different entrances. Combined with the variable period strategy of changing green signal ratio and the idea of extending the green light or opening the signal ahead of time, this paper proposes a variable period control strategy of the green signal ratio considering the green time interval. By using the improved cellular transmission model, the control model of the correlation between the cell flow transmission and the phase of the signal is constructed, through which the intersection signal control is integrated with the road network traffic flow transmission and the cellular state update. Based on the traffic efficiency evaluation index obtained by the improved cellular transmission model and the weighted average delay as the objective function, a signal control optimization model considering the saturation state of each import vehicle is constructed. At the same time, the genetic algorithm is used to realize the dynamic optimization of the intersection. Considering the different saturation states of intersection, the cellular transmission model of ramp and junction is constructed by MATLAB programming, and the real-time dynamic optimal control of intersection signal timing and the updating of road network status are realized. Finally, taking the bullish exit ramp of the second Ring Expressway in Chengdu as an example, taking the late peak traffic volume as the traffic demand input, the model shows that the model is unsaturated to this type of intersection. The saturation state has better control optimization effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491.54

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