Google Earth數(shù)據(jù)在道路工程可行性研究階段中的應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-20 13:02
【摘要】：改革開放以來(lái),中國(guó)的交通事業(yè)得到大力支持并快速發(fā)展,2016年交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資將超過(guò)2.6萬(wàn)億。目前,我國(guó)公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)基本形成,但還存在著總量不足和結(jié)構(gòu)矛盾等突出問(wèn)題,到2030年,還有2.6萬(wàn)公里國(guó)家高速公路待建,還有10萬(wàn)公里國(guó)省干線公路需要改造升級(jí),可見道路工程項(xiàng)目一直有巨大的數(shù)量,并且需要更多的投資額。為了工程項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的科學(xué)決策,可行性研究是道路工程中的重要一環(huán)。外業(yè)勘測(cè)是編制工程可行性研究報(bào)告中的一個(gè)重要的步驟,這階段中,一般采用比例尺是1:10000的地形圖,外業(yè)勘測(cè)深度過(guò)深則會(huì)造成浪費(fèi)資源,過(guò)淺則不滿足要求。通常采用航空攝影技術(shù)進(jìn)行測(cè)繪,但其缺點(diǎn)是費(fèi)用高(800-1000元/2km),受天氣影響。若全部使用GPS技術(shù)進(jìn)行測(cè)量,在地形復(fù)雜的區(qū)域?qū)е鹿ぷ髌D難,人力消耗很大。為了使地形圖測(cè)繪更簡(jiǎn)便、經(jīng)濟(jì),研究利用Google Earth數(shù)據(jù)幫助測(cè)繪制圖有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,并在此基礎(chǔ)上利用Auto CAD Civil3D幫助進(jìn)行三維可視化設(shè)計(jì)。本文以中國(guó)某地區(qū)經(jīng)實(shí)地勘測(cè)的數(shù)字地形圖為依據(jù),利用Google Earth的地面高程數(shù)據(jù)與Auto CAD Civil 3D結(jié)合進(jìn)行數(shù)字地形圖制作和三維道路設(shè)計(jì),主要用于道路勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)的可行性研究階段。為了確保Google Earth的高程精度滿足實(shí)際工程使用要求,并且可以實(shí)際地用于道路設(shè)計(jì),本文以Google Earth的地面高程精度、提高Google Earth高程精度的方法和Google Earth數(shù)據(jù)在道路勘測(cè)工程中的使用方法為主要研究對(duì)象,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容為:(1)研究Google Earth數(shù)據(jù)的來(lái)源和高程系統(tǒng),以實(shí)際工程的數(shù)字地形圖高程數(shù)據(jù)和Google Earth上的高程數(shù)據(jù)作對(duì)比分析,確定Google Earth高程與實(shí)際工程高程的誤差。(2)與高程異常擬合研究類比,研究二次多項(xiàng)式曲面擬合、三次多項(xiàng)式曲面擬合、Matlab的V4插值法和神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)法在建立Google Earth數(shù)據(jù)與實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)之間高程差模型的優(yōu)劣。(3)研究提高精度后的Google Earth地面高程數(shù)據(jù)能否用于道路工程可行性研究階段,能用的數(shù)據(jù)是否有局限性;(4)研究通過(guò)Google Earth和Auto CAD Civil3D結(jié)合,進(jìn)行三維地形建模和三維道路設(shè)計(jì)的步驟和優(yōu)勢(shì),發(fā)揮Google Earth的實(shí)用性和為道路工程設(shè)計(jì)提供簡(jiǎn)便的方法。研究結(jié)論:Google Earth高程數(shù)據(jù)的來(lái)源是STRM-3數(shù)據(jù),與我國(guó)工程所用的正常高之間存在著高于1:10000地形圖允許的誤差;建立地面高程差的擬合或插值模型,靈活使用三次多項(xiàng)式曲面模型和神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)法進(jìn)行擬合是合理的選擇,能有效預(yù)測(cè)模型中各個(gè)地方的高程差,大幅度提高Google Earth高程精度;以中國(guó)某地區(qū)的Google Earth數(shù)據(jù)為例,提高精度后,平地地形區(qū)域的Google Earth數(shù)據(jù)仍不滿足1:10000地形圖的要求,丘陵地區(qū)區(qū)域的Google Earth數(shù)據(jù)可以滿足要求;Google Earth和Auto CAD Civil3D可以簡(jiǎn)單有效地結(jié)合,給可行性研究中的道路勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)和展示提供更簡(jiǎn)便、生動(dòng)具體的設(shè)計(jì)流程和方法。綜上所述,本文的研究可以使道路工程可行性研究階段中的勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)更便捷、更經(jīng)濟(jì),顯著提高Google Earth地面高程數(shù)據(jù)用于實(shí)際工程中的精度,并且為道路勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)提供了一定參考。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's transportation industry has been strongly supported and developed rapidly, and the investment in transportation infrastructure will exceed 2.6 trillion yuan in 2016. At present, China's highway network has basically formed, but there are still outstanding problems such as insufficient total amount and structural contradictions. By 2030, there will be 26,000 kilometers of national highways to be built and 100,000 kilometers of national highways to be built. In order to make scientific decision for the construction of the project, feasibility study is an important part of the road project. Field survey is an important step in compiling the feasibility study report of the project. Generally, the scale of topographic maps is 1:10000, and the depth of field survey is too deep, which will cause waste of resources, but the shallow is not satisfying. In order to make topographic mapping more convenient and economical, it is of great practical significance to study and use Google Earth data to help mapping, and on this basis, use Auto CAD Civil 3D to help 3D visualization design. The combination of elevation data and Auto CAD Civil 3D for digital topographic mapping and 3D road design is mainly used in the feasibility study stage of road survey and design. The method of high Google Earth elevation accuracy and the method of using Google Earth data in road survey engineering are the main research objects. The main research contents are as follows: (1) The source and elevation system of Google Earth data are studied. The elevation data of digital topographic maps and that of Google Earth are compared and analyzed to determine the Google Earth data. The error between the height of Google Earth and the actual engineering elevation. (2) Analogy with the height anomaly fitting research, quadratic polynomial surface fitting, cubic polynomial surface fitting, V4 interpolation method of MATLAB and neural network method to establish the model of elevation difference between the Google Earth data and the actual measured data. (3) Study the Google Earth ground after improving the accuracy. Whether elevation data can be used in the feasibility study stage of road engineering is limited or not; (4) Study the steps and advantages of 3D terrain modeling and 3D road design through the combination of Google Earth and AutoCAD Civil 3D, give full play to the practicability of Google Earth and provide a simple method for road engineering design. The source of oogle earth elevation data is STRM-3 data, and there is an error higher than 1:10000 allowable topographic map between oogle earth elevation data and normal elevation data used in our country. It is reasonable to establish fitting or interpolation model of ground elevation difference, and flexibly use cubic polynomial surface model and neural network method to fit each of the models. Local elevation difference greatly improves the elevation accuracy of Google Earth. Taking the Google Earth data of a certain area in China as an example, after improving the accuracy, the Google Earth data of flat terrain area still does not meet the requirements of 1:10000 topographic map, and the Google Earth data of hilly area can meet the requirements of simple Google Earth and AutoCAD Civil 3D. In summary, this study can make the survey and design in the feasibility study stage of road engineering more convenient, more economical, and significantly improve the accuracy of Google Earth ground elevation data used in practical engineering. It also provides a reference for the development trend of road survey and design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U412
本文編號(hào)：2193696
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's transportation industry has been strongly supported and developed rapidly, and the investment in transportation infrastructure will exceed 2.6 trillion yuan in 2016. At present, China's highway network has basically formed, but there are still outstanding problems such as insufficient total amount and structural contradictions. By 2030, there will be 26,000 kilometers of national highways to be built and 100,000 kilometers of national highways to be built. In order to make scientific decision for the construction of the project, feasibility study is an important part of the road project. Field survey is an important step in compiling the feasibility study report of the project. Generally, the scale of topographic maps is 1:10000, and the depth of field survey is too deep, which will cause waste of resources, but the shallow is not satisfying. In order to make topographic mapping more convenient and economical, it is of great practical significance to study and use Google Earth data to help mapping, and on this basis, use Auto CAD Civil 3D to help 3D visualization design. The combination of elevation data and Auto CAD Civil 3D for digital topographic mapping and 3D road design is mainly used in the feasibility study stage of road survey and design. The method of high Google Earth elevation accuracy and the method of using Google Earth data in road survey engineering are the main research objects. The main research contents are as follows: (1) The source and elevation system of Google Earth data are studied. The elevation data of digital topographic maps and that of Google Earth are compared and analyzed to determine the Google Earth data. The error between the height of Google Earth and the actual engineering elevation. (2) Analogy with the height anomaly fitting research, quadratic polynomial surface fitting, cubic polynomial surface fitting, V4 interpolation method of MATLAB and neural network method to establish the model of elevation difference between the Google Earth data and the actual measured data. (3) Study the Google Earth ground after improving the accuracy. Whether elevation data can be used in the feasibility study stage of road engineering is limited or not; (4) Study the steps and advantages of 3D terrain modeling and 3D road design through the combination of Google Earth and AutoCAD Civil 3D, give full play to the practicability of Google Earth and provide a simple method for road engineering design. The source of oogle earth elevation data is STRM-3 data, and there is an error higher than 1:10000 allowable topographic map between oogle earth elevation data and normal elevation data used in our country. It is reasonable to establish fitting or interpolation model of ground elevation difference, and flexibly use cubic polynomial surface model and neural network method to fit each of the models. Local elevation difference greatly improves the elevation accuracy of Google Earth. Taking the Google Earth data of a certain area in China as an example, after improving the accuracy, the Google Earth data of flat terrain area still does not meet the requirements of 1:10000 topographic map, and the Google Earth data of hilly area can meet the requirements of simple Google Earth and AutoCAD Civil 3D. In summary, this study can make the survey and design in the feasibility study stage of road engineering more convenient, more economical, and significantly improve the accuracy of Google Earth ground elevation data used in practical engineering. It also provides a reference for the development trend of road survey and design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U412
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