【摘要】：伴隨城市空間向郊區(qū)的急劇擴張,郊區(qū)已成為快速城市化過程中疏解城市人口和功能的重要空間。然而,居民遷入郊區(qū)后往往會面臨著與內(nèi)城不同的居住環(huán)境、指向內(nèi)城的長距離通勤以及居住周邊配套設(shè)施不完善等問題,遷居居民日常活動發(fā)生巨大變化。遷居是以家庭為單位進行的生命歷程事件,其引發(fā)的不僅僅是個體職住空間的改變,而是整個家庭生活空間的改變,既包括多個通勤成員的職住空間,還包括兒童的就學(xué)空間、老年人的就醫(yī)空間等。因此遷居對家庭具有多重影響,最直觀的表現(xiàn)是個體成員的職住錯位或通勤距離明顯增加,并間接滲透到家庭義務(wù)、角色分工以及日常家務(wù)活動等多個維度中,進而重塑新生活空間下的家庭出行行為模式。論文以遷居家庭為研究對象,基于時間地理學(xué)和計劃行為理論,一方面從外部時空制約下分析成員間在家庭活動上的交互關(guān)系;另一方面則在外部制約和主觀因素共同作用下分析個體出行行為決策全過程。首先,在總結(jié)國內(nèi)外關(guān)于遷居居民出行行為的研究方法不足的前提下,提出了居住外遷家庭活動-出行行為決策機理的理論框架。利用2015年在昆明市呈貢大學(xué)城的居住區(qū)獲取的遷居家庭活動日志調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),應(yīng)用活動分析法,分析了遷居前后家庭成員活動-出行行為的時空間特征,通過多維特征分析和組合,提取了典型的家庭職住調(diào)整模式,并探析不同職住模式下家庭成員活動間的交互規(guī)律。其次,選取典型的家庭職住調(diào)整模式,基于時間地理學(xué)理論,從個體層面和家庭兩個層面剖析成員在通勤活動和家務(wù)活動參與上的互動調(diào)整,探究成員間的交互模式及其內(nèi)在機理。再次,考慮到主觀因素會作用于個體行為決策過程,引入計劃行為理論,從外部時空制約和個體主觀因素兩個方面來剖析遷居居民活動-出行行為決策全過程,提出遷居事件影響下成員日常活動和出行行為的選擇規(guī)律。最后,利用結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型分別構(gòu)建了兩類家庭職住模式對應(yīng)的成員交互機理模型,得到以下結(jié)論:遷居對成員活動-出行行為的影響首先體現(xiàn)在通勤活動模式調(diào)整上,其次是在家務(wù)分擔上。具體來說,當兩個成員均受到職住錯位影響時,雙方在家務(wù)活動安排上交互強烈,家庭內(nèi)部會通過替代或互助等互動模式來平衡通勤活動所受到的時空制約;當只有一方受到職住錯位制約時,雙方交互程度進一步降低,家務(wù)活動安排上表現(xiàn)出顯著性別差異,男方較容易受通勤活動的影響而放棄承擔家務(wù)活動;當雙方均處于職住鄰近狀態(tài)時,雙方交互程度最弱,家務(wù)活動常采用陪伴或聯(lián)合等協(xié)作方式來完成。此外,居民行為選擇還受過去行為態(tài)度及偏好正向引導(dǎo)作用,且遷居前各行為間存在的交互模式會進一步傳遞到現(xiàn)有活動和出行安排中,從而呈現(xiàn)出新生活空間下活動和出行行為。研究結(jié)論可以更全面地理解遷居居民出行需求的形成機理,進一步為準確掌握或預(yù)測新生活空間下居民的交通出行需求提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid expansion of urban space to the suburbs, the suburbs have become an important space to relax urban population and function in the process of rapid urbanization. Activities have changed dramatically. Relocation is a life-course event based on the family. It is not only the change of individual occupational and residential space, but also the change of the whole family living space, including the occupational and residential space of many commuters, the school space of children, the medical space of the elderly and so on. The most intuitive manifestation is that individual members'occupational and residential dislocation or the distance between work and work increases significantly, and indirectly penetrates into many dimensions such as family obligations, role division and daily household activities, thus reshaping the family travel behavior pattern in the new living space. Planned behavior theory, on the one hand, analyzes the interaction between members in family activities from the external space-time constraints; on the other hand, it analyzes the whole process of individual travel behavior decision-making under the combined effect of external constraints and subjective factors. First, on the premise of summarizing the shortcomings of domestic and foreign research methods on the travel behavior of migrant residents, the paper puts forward some suggestions. The theoretical framework of the decision-making mechanism of family activities-travel behavior in outward migration. Based on the survey data of family activities in the residential area of Chenggong University Town in Kunming in 2015, the spatial and temporal characteristics of family members'activities-travel behavior before and after migration were analyzed by activity analysis method. The spatial and temporal characteristics of family members' activities-travel behavior before and after migration were extracted through multi-dimensional feature analysis and combination. Secondly, based on the theory of time geography, this paper analyzes the interaction adjustment between commuting activities and household activities from the individual level and the family level, and explores the interaction adjustment between members in commuting activities and household activities. Thirdly, considering that subjective factors will affect the decision-making process of individual behavior, this paper introduces the theory of planned behavior, analyzes the whole process of activity-travel behavior decision-making from two aspects of external space-time constraints and individual subjective factors, and proposes the selection of members'daily activities and travel behavior under the influence of relocation events. Finally, the structural equation model is used to construct the interaction mechanism model of the two types of family occupational-residential patterns, and the following conclusions are drawn: the influence of relocation on the members'activity-travel behavior is reflected in the adjustment of commuting activity pattern first, followed by the housework sharing. When it rings, the two sides interact strongly in the arrangement of household activities, and the time and space constraints of commuting activities are balanced by the interaction mode of substitution or mutual assistance within the family; when only one side is constrained by occupational and residential dislocation, the degree of interaction between the two sides is further reduced, the arrangement of household activities shows significant gender differences, and the male is more vulnerable to commuting. In addition, the behavior choice of residents is positively guided by past behavior attitudes and preferences, and the interaction patterns among the previous behaviors will develop. The results of this study can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the formation mechanism of the travel demand of migrants and provide a theoretical basis for accurately grasping or predicting the travel demand of residents in the new living space.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491

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