【摘要】：帶狀綠地城市綠地系統(tǒng)中的重要組成部分,能夠更高效率的利用城市土地,美化城市形象,提升城市品質(zhì),改善城市生態(tài)環(huán)境。了解帶狀綠地空間結(jié)構(gòu)類型以及綠地周邊環(huán)境對(duì)帶狀綠地發(fā)揮生態(tài)效益的影響能夠更好的進(jìn)行城市帶狀綠地的規(guī)劃、設(shè)計(jì)、改造、管理。本研究市中州大道金水立交至鄭汴路段兩側(cè)道路帶狀綠地為觀測(cè)對(duì)象,探析不同綠地空間結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)溫濕的的調(diào)節(jié)效應(yīng)。在中州大道兩側(cè)帶狀綠地中根據(jù)帶狀綠地寬度、周邊建筑環(huán)境、植物配置模式、空間類型等指標(biāo)上的異同選取6段樣地做為觀測(cè)對(duì)象,于2014年9月—11月,平均每周一次在天氣良好情況下從8:00—18:00對(duì)各樣地及其對(duì)照點(diǎn)的溫度和相對(duì)濕度進(jìn)行測(cè)量,每個(gè)樣地內(nèi)均有喬灌草結(jié)合、草坪、硬化廣場(chǎng)、喬木覆蓋的廣場(chǎng)四種結(jié)構(gòu)的空間類型。對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,探討帶狀綠地空間結(jié)構(gòu)以及周邊城市環(huán)境對(duì)其降溫增濕作用的影響,提出帶狀綠地建設(shè)與管理的對(duì)策。主要結(jié)論如下:1、帶狀綠地具有顯著的降溫增濕效應(yīng),并且隨著時(shí)間推移,其降溫增濕作用為正午較強(qiáng),早晚相對(duì)較弱,一般最大降溫增濕效應(yīng)在13:00時(shí)-15:00時(shí)出現(xiàn)。6個(gè)帶狀綠地觀測(cè)樣段相對(duì)于對(duì)照點(diǎn)日最高降溫幅度為2.19℃-3.87℃,日最大增濕幅度6.95%-11.25%。帶狀綠地能夠有效地緩和局部氣溫和相對(duì)濕度的劇烈變化和波動(dòng),其內(nèi)部氣溫和相對(duì)濕度的極值出現(xiàn)時(shí)刻晚于對(duì)照點(diǎn),且極值小于對(duì)照點(diǎn)極值。2、帶狀綠地中喬灌草、草坪、硬化廣場(chǎng)、喬木廣場(chǎng)4類空間整體降溫增濕效應(yīng)由大至小為:喬灌草喬木廣場(chǎng)草坪硬化廣場(chǎng),喬灌草類空間降溫增濕作用最強(qiáng),喬木廣場(chǎng)類空間和草坪類空間降溫增濕作用接近,硬化廣場(chǎng)類空間溫濕度效益最低。由此各類空間均能夠提高人體舒適指數(shù),營(yíng)造更適合人活動(dòng)的綠地空間。4類綠地空間最大降溫幅度分別為:2.23℃、1.67℃、1.24℃、1.11℃,最大增濕幅度為:9.45%、6.45%、7.08%、2.89%。3、道路帶狀綠地所處的方位、旁側(cè)土地綠化率情況和旁側(cè)建筑的高度體量都會(huì)對(duì)帶狀綠地的溫濕度變化產(chǎn)生顯著影響。道路東側(cè)帶狀綠地平均日最高氣溫高于道路西側(cè)帶狀綠地氣溫,最低相對(duì)濕度低于西側(cè)帶狀綠地。道路西側(cè)帶狀綠地日最高氣溫出現(xiàn)時(shí)刻遭遇道路東側(cè)帶狀綠地。旁側(cè)土地綠化率較高的帶狀綠地的日最高氣溫低于旁側(cè)土地綠化率較低的帶狀綠地。旁側(cè)建筑群體為低層建筑的帶狀綠地升溫速度和降溫速度較快,日平均最高氣溫相對(duì)較高,而旁側(cè)建筑群體為高層建筑的帶狀綠地氣溫上升速度和下降速度較慢,且日平均最高氣溫相對(duì)較低。城市帶狀綠地可以發(fā)揮顯著的降溫增濕作用,從其生態(tài)功能角度考慮應(yīng)進(jìn)一步增加綠地內(nèi)部復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的綠地空間可以提高帶狀綠地綠量,進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮其生態(tài)效益,將部分純廣場(chǎng)改造為喬木廣場(chǎng)類型空間,可以減少對(duì)太陽輻射的反射,進(jìn)一步提高綠地降溫增濕作用。
[Abstract]:The important part of the belt green space urban green space system can use the city land more efficiently, beautify the city image, improve the city quality, and improve the city ecological environment. Understanding the spatial structure type of belt green space and the influence of the surrounding environment on the ecological benefit of the belt green space can better carry out the planning, design, transformation and management of the urban belt green space. In this study, the effect of different spatial structure of green space on temperature and humidity was studied by observing the belt green space on both sides of the road from Jinshui interchange of Zhongzhou Avenue to Zhengbian section. According to the similarities and differences of the width of the belt greenbelt, the surrounding building environment, the plant configuration mode, the spatial type and so on, 6 sections of sample fields are selected as the observation objects in the belt green space on both sides of Zhongzhou Avenue, which was observed from September to November 2014. On average, once a week, from 8: 00-18: 00, the temperature and relative humidity of the plots and their control points were measured in good weather conditions, and there was a combination of trees, shrub and grass, lawns, harden squares in each sample. Arbor-covered square of four types of space structure. The results were analyzed, and the effects of the spatial structure of belt green space and the surrounding urban environment on its cooling and humidification were discussed, and the countermeasures for the construction and management of belt green space were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The band greenbelt has a significant cooling and humidifying effect, and with time, its cooling and humidifying effect is stronger at noon and weaker in the morning and evening. The general maximum cooling and humidifying effect appeared at 13:00 -15: 00. The maximum temperature drop range of the observed section of 6 belt green spaces was 2.19 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2187508