【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代交通運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中,車(chē)輛與橋梁墩柱的碰撞事故時(shí)有發(fā)生。目前在各國(guó)橋梁設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范中,車(chē)輛撞擊橋梁墩柱的撞擊力均被等效為靜力荷載,這種等效方法忽略了車(chē)輛撞擊所產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力效應(yīng)。在科研方面,使用非線性有限單元法研究車(chē)輛撞擊橋梁墩柱的動(dòng)力時(shí)程響應(yīng)已成為一種主流,但這種分析方法耗時(shí)費(fèi)力,在工程界難以得到廣泛使用。借鑒橋梁抗震研究中地震動(dòng)反應(yīng)譜的概念,本文提出了橋梁墩柱車(chē)撞荷載沖擊譜的統(tǒng)計(jì)分類(lèi)、計(jì)算方法和應(yīng)用建議,以期建立介于靜力法和動(dòng)力時(shí)程分析法之間的橋梁車(chē)撞沖擊譜計(jì)算方法,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及成果包括以下部分:(1)根據(jù)我國(guó)道路車(chē)輛分類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將車(chē)輛歸納選擇為7種類(lèi)型,建立7類(lèi)車(chē)輛的精細(xì)化有限元模型,每種車(chē)輛以9種不同速度正面撞擊剛性墻,采用63種工況作為分析研究汽車(chē)碰撞力數(shù)據(jù)的主要來(lái)源。計(jì)算模型中充分考慮車(chē)輛與剛性墻的接觸、車(chē)輪與地面的接觸以及車(chē)輛各部件之間的連接整合。(2)數(shù)值模擬車(chē)輛撞擊剛性墻的動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程,計(jì)算撞擊力時(shí)程曲線,對(duì)各類(lèi)車(chē)輛不同速度下撞擊力峰值的分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行擬合,得出各類(lèi)車(chē)輛撞擊力峰值與速度的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式。(3)參照地震動(dòng)反應(yīng)譜的概念,提出橋梁墩柱車(chē)撞沖擊譜的計(jì)算方法。采用結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)中譜分析的方法,求解車(chē)輛撞擊力動(dòng)態(tài)荷載作用下單自由度體系的位移,計(jì)算位移放大系數(shù)并探索位移放大系數(shù)與結(jié)構(gòu)周期之間的分布規(guī)律。通過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)方法對(duì)周期-位移放大系數(shù)曲線進(jìn)行擬合,得出橋梁墩柱車(chē)撞力沖擊譜的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式,并提出了橋梁墩柱車(chē)撞沖擊譜方法的應(yīng)用建議。本文提出的橋梁車(chē)撞沖擊譜計(jì)算方法和計(jì)算函數(shù)是探索性的初步研究成果,對(duì)于橋梁車(chē)撞設(shè)計(jì)具有重要的理論指導(dǎo)意義和廣泛的工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:In the process of modern transportation, collision accidents between vehicles and bridge piers occur from time to time. At present, the impact force of vehicle impacting bridge pier column is equivalent to static load in the design code of bridge all over the world. This equivalent method ignores the dynamic effect caused by vehicle impact. In the aspect of scientific research, the nonlinear finite element method is used to study the dynamic time-history response of the bridge pier column, but this method is time-consuming and laborious, so it is difficult to be widely used in the engineering field. Based on the concept of ground motion response spectrum in seismic research of bridges, the statistical classification, calculation method and application suggestion of impact spectrum of vehicle impact load on bridge pier column are put forward in this paper. The main contents and achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) according to the classification standards of road vehicles in China, the vehicles are classified into seven types. The fine finite element model of 7 kinds of vehicles is established. Each vehicle impacts the rigid wall with 9 different speeds and 63 working conditions are adopted as the main source of the data for the analysis and research of the vehicle collision force. The contact between the vehicle and the rigid wall, the contact between the wheel and the ground, and the connection integration between the components of the vehicle are fully considered in the calculation model. (2) the dynamic process of the vehicle hitting the rigid wall is simulated numerically, and the time-history curve of the impact force is calculated. By fitting the distribution law of the impact force peak value at different vehicle speeds, the mathematical expressions of the impact force peak value and velocity are obtained. (3) with reference to the concept of ground motion response spectrum, the calculation method of the collision impact spectrum of the bridge pier column vehicle is put forward. The method of spectrum analysis in structural dynamics is used to solve the displacement of the system of order degree of freedom issued by the dynamic load of vehicle impact force. The displacement magnification factor is calculated and the distribution law between displacement magnification factor and structural cycle is explored. By fitting the period displacement magnification coefficient curve by mathematical method, the mathematical expression of impact spectrum of vehicle impact force on bridge pier column is obtained, and the application suggestion of impact spectrum method for bridge pier column vehicle is put forward. The calculation method and calculation function of the impact spectrum of bridge vehicle collision proposed in this paper are preliminary results of exploratory research and have important theoretical significance and extensive engineering application value for bridge vehicle collision design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U443.22;U446

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