【摘要】：隨著交通問(wèn)題日趨嚴(yán)重,迫切需要以科學(xué)的方法認(rèn)知交通現(xiàn)象,用先進(jìn)的技術(shù)支撐交通系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展,以便有效緩解交通擁堵和減少環(huán)境污染,因此智能交通系統(tǒng)的研究要尋求更深層次的發(fā)展。信息物理系統(tǒng)(Cyber Physical System,CPS)的出現(xiàn),為解決交通系統(tǒng)中非線性、強(qiáng)耦合和泛時(shí)空問(wèn)題提供了有效途徑。把CPS概念應(yīng)用于交通領(lǐng)域的交通信息物理系統(tǒng)(Transportation Cyber Physical System,T-CPS),其體系結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,涉及學(xué)科門類和技術(shù)繁多,目前的研究更多的關(guān)注于描述系統(tǒng)的整體基本架構(gòu)、詮釋相應(yīng)模塊功能和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)上,其中面向T-CPS的系統(tǒng)建模和仿真實(shí)現(xiàn)是研究交通信息物理系統(tǒng)的重要基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)之一。本文圍繞面向交通信息物理系統(tǒng)的建模與仿真展開(kāi)研究,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下。首先,利用T-CPS系統(tǒng)中信息世界與物理世界之間的相互作用和反饋特點(diǎn),本文提出了對(duì)象層、感知層、計(jì)算層、控制層、執(zhí)行與服務(wù)層和通信層的體系架構(gòu),詮釋了相應(yīng)層次的功能,其中通信層貫穿于信息傳遞的各個(gè)功能層之間。同時(shí)介紹了本文要研究要涉及的基本知識(shí),包括Modelica語(yǔ)言、OpenModelica仿真平臺(tái)和宏觀交通流理論(元胞傳輸模型)等。其次,在提出的T-CPS基本架構(gòu)和系統(tǒng)中信息流的基礎(chǔ)之上,對(duì)系統(tǒng)中各個(gè)物理實(shí)體作抽象化和的簡(jiǎn)單化處理,用Modelica語(yǔ)言在仿真平臺(tái)OpenModelica上開(kāi)發(fā)模型庫(kù),在保證模型完備性的同時(shí)賦予模型規(guī)范的接口。整個(gè)模型庫(kù)包括路段分割模塊、路段連接模塊、檢測(cè)裝置、控制器、執(zhí)行裝置和相關(guān)支撐工具庫(kù),模型庫(kù)中的模塊具有一般性意義,選擇其中的模塊可以快速的搭建實(shí)際的城市路網(wǎng)信息物理系統(tǒng)。第三,研究了模型庫(kù)中信號(hào)燈控制器的設(shè)計(jì)�？刂破魇窍到y(tǒng)的核心部分,主要負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)輸入的實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行相關(guān)處理并生成控制決策。模型庫(kù)中分別設(shè)計(jì)了應(yīng)用于匝道入口和十字交叉口的控制器。定時(shí)控制器是實(shí)際中常用的交通信號(hào)控制策略;排空切換控制算法是將物理層交通流在道路上的傳輸看作是切換服務(wù)系統(tǒng),通過(guò)控制穩(wěn)定性的方式得到信號(hào)燈的控制周期;ALINEA控制器以下游路段的交通狀態(tài)為依據(jù)來(lái)調(diào)整自身實(shí)時(shí)的信號(hào)配時(shí)。在整個(gè)控制過(guò)程中,可以隨時(shí)通過(guò)仿真結(jié)果查看各個(gè)路段上交通流的實(shí)時(shí)變化。最后,給出一個(gè)實(shí)際的包含4個(gè)交叉口的系統(tǒng),應(yīng)用所開(kāi)發(fā)的模型庫(kù)進(jìn)行了建模、仿真及結(jié)果分析。
[Abstract]:As traffic problems become more and more serious, it is urgent to recognize traffic phenomena in a scientific way and to support the development of traffic systems with advanced technologies in order to effectively alleviate traffic congestion and reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, the research of intelligent transportation system should seek deeper development. The emergence of information physical system (Cyber Physical) provides an effective way to solve the nonlinear, strong coupling and pan-space-time problems in traffic systems. The concept of CPS is applied to the traffic information physical system (Transportation Cyber Physical system T-CPS in the field of transportation. Its architecture is complex and involves a variety of disciplines and technologies. At present, more researches focus on describing the whole basic framework of the system. In explaining the functions and key technologies of the corresponding modules, the system modeling and simulation oriented to T-CPS is one of the important basic technologies to study the traffic information physical system. This paper focuses on the modeling and simulation of traffic information physical system. The main research contents are as follows. Firstly, based on the interaction and feedback between the information world and the physical world in T-CPS system, this paper presents the architecture of object layer, perception layer, computing layer, control layer, execution and service layer and communication layer. The corresponding functions are explained, in which the communication layer runs through each function layer of information transmission. At the same time, the basic knowledge of this paper is introduced, including the Modelica language OpenModelica simulation platform and macro-traffic flow theory (cellular transport model) and so on. Secondly, on the basis of the basic structure of T-CPS and the information flow in the system, the physical entities in the system are abstracted and simplified, and the model library is developed on the simulation platform OpenModelica with Modelica language. While ensuring the completeness of the model, the interface of the model specification is given. The whole model base includes a section partition module, a link connection module, a detection device, a controller, an execution device and a related support tool library. The module in the model base is of general significance. The selection of the modules can quickly build the actual urban road network information physical system. Thirdly, the design of signal lamp controller in model base is studied. Controller is the core part of the system. It is mainly responsible for processing the input real-time data and generating control decision. In the model base, the controller is designed for ramp entrance and cross intersection respectively. The timing controller is a commonly used traffic signal control strategy in practice, and the emptying switching control algorithm regards the physical layer traffic flow transmission on the road as a switching service system. By controlling the stability, the control period of the signal lamp and the traffic state of the tour section below the AlinEA controller are obtained to adjust its real-time signal timing. During the whole control process, the real-time change of traffic flow on each section can be viewed at any time through the simulation results. Finally, a practical system including four intersections is presented, and the model base is used to model, simulate and analyze the results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U495;N945.13
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本文編號(hào)：2168588