【摘要】：煤矸石是煤在形成過程中與煤伴生或共生的一種堅(jiān)硬巖石,是煤炭開采生產(chǎn)過程中的副產(chǎn)品,其既是固體廢棄物,也是可利用的資源,具有雙重性。不同地區(qū)的煤矸石種類各異,組分含量各不相同,物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)差異較大;同一地區(qū)的煤矸石粒徑和強(qiáng)度大小也有所不同,對(duì)其力學(xué)特性、結(jié)構(gòu)等方面缺乏系統(tǒng)的研究。煤礦周圍廢棄的煤矸石大多采用圓錐式或溝谷傾倒式堆放在礦井四周,造成煤礦周圍地區(qū)煤矸石堆積如山,占用大量的農(nóng)田土地;除此之外,雨季煤矸石細(xì)料被雨水沖刷至地表,使得農(nóng)田土地沙化現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,造成糧食減產(chǎn);煤矸石在堆放過程中的自然分解還可能釋放多種有毒氣體,使大氣環(huán)境和水體資源受到嚴(yán)重的污染,嚴(yán)重破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境,危害人們身體健康。因此,如何合理有效地綜合利用煤矸石解決環(huán)境問題是一個(gè)亟待解決的社會(huì)問題。本文依托位于撫順市望花區(qū)深井子鎮(zhèn)管轄范圍內(nèi)的試驗(yàn)路,起點(diǎn)大臺(tái)子,終點(diǎn)李相。以撫順礦區(qū)的煤矸石為研究對(duì)象,在查閱了國(guó)內(nèi)外大量相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)煤矸石的礦物成分,基本物理指標(biāo)(包括煤矸石的顆粒組成,針片狀,壓碎值,液塑限和砂當(dāng)量),路用性能(包括7天無側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度,劈裂強(qiáng)度,抗凍性能和低溫收縮性能)等進(jìn)行了大量的室內(nèi)外試驗(yàn),之后基于有限元分析對(duì)煤矸石的力學(xué)性能和使用壽命進(jìn)行研究,得出煤矸石適用于道路基層的可行性,應(yīng)用于道路基層前景廣闊。本文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1.對(duì)沈撫地區(qū)煤矸石(已燃和未燃)物理化學(xué)及工程性質(zhì)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析,研究了物理化學(xué)特性對(duì)煤矸石填筑路基的影響;2.通過室內(nèi)路用性能試驗(yàn),對(duì)煤矸石的抗壓強(qiáng)度,劈裂強(qiáng)度,低溫收縮性能和抗凍性能等進(jìn)行研究,確定煤矸石填筑路基的可行性;3.依托試驗(yàn)路,通過對(duì)無機(jī)結(jié)合料穩(wěn)定煤矸石基層材料的相關(guān)性能進(jìn)行研究,對(duì)其現(xiàn)場(chǎng)路用性能進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià);4.基于BISAR軟件,綜合分析確定煤矸石基層路面結(jié)構(gòu)合理層位,對(duì)其力學(xué)特性和使用壽命進(jìn)行研究,為全面推廣低活性的煤矸石在不同等級(jí)道路的應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。將煤矸石材料用于路基填筑,達(dá)到廢物利用,變廢為寶,保護(hù)環(huán)境的意義不言而喻。一方面,煤矸石材料用于填筑路基可以有效降低煤礦處理煤矸石的額外開支,解決許多煤礦煤矸石堆積成山,污染生態(tài)環(huán)境的問題。另外一方面,煤矸石材料用于填筑路基可以有效降低公路施工中支出用作路基材料的費(fèi)用,煤矸石材料屬于廢物利用,只需額外支付運(yùn)輸、保存以及加工的費(fèi)用。但是如何進(jìn)一步更好的充分利用煤矸石仍是亟待解決的問題。
[Abstract]:Coal gangue is a kind of hard rock associated with or symbiotic with coal in the forming process. It is a by-product of coal mining and production. It is not only a solid waste, but also a available resource. The types of coal gangue in different areas are different, the content of coal gangue is different, the physical and chemical properties are different, and the size and strength of coal gangue in the same area are different, so the mechanical properties and structure of gangue are not studied systematically. Most of the waste coal gangue around the coal mine is piled around the mine by conical or valley dumping, resulting in the coal gangue accumulation in the surrounding area of the coal mine, occupying a large amount of farmland land; in addition, In the rainy season, the fine coal gangue is washed to the surface by Rain Water, which makes the desertification of farmland serious, resulting in the reduction of grain production, and the natural decomposition of coal gangue during the stacking process may also release many kinds of toxic gases. The atmospheric environment and water resources are seriously polluted, the ecological environment is seriously damaged, and the health of people is endangered. Therefore, how to use coal gangue to solve environmental problems is an urgent social problem. This paper relies on the experimental road, starting point Dataizi, and ending point Li Xiang, located in Shenjing Zi Town, Wanghua District, Fushun City. Taking the coal gangue in Fushun mining area as the research object, on the basis of consulting a large number of related documents at home and abroad, the mineral composition, basic physical index (including the particle composition, needle shape, crushing value of coal gangue) of coal gangue are analyzed. A large number of indoor and outdoor tests have been carried out on liquid-plastic limit and sand equivalent, road performance (including 7 days unconfined compressive strength, splitting strength, freezing resistance and low temperature shrinkage property). Based on the finite element analysis, the mechanical properties and service life of coal gangue are studied. It is concluded that coal gangue is applicable to the road base and has a broad prospect. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The physicochemical and engineering properties of coal gangue (burned and unburned) in Shenfu area are analyzed in detail. The influence of physical and chemical characteristics on the filling of roadbed by coal gangue is studied. The compressive strength, splitting strength, low temperature shrinkage and frost resistance of coal gangue were studied through indoor road performance test, and the feasibility of filling roadbed with coal gangue was determined. Based on the experimental road, the correlation between inorganic binder and coal gangue base material was studied, and the field performance of coal gangue was evaluated. Based on BISAR software, the reasonable layer of pavement structure of coal gangue base is determined synthetically, and its mechanical characteristics and service life are studied, which provides the theoretical basis for popularizing the application of low activity gangue in different grade roads. It is self-evident that coal gangue material is used in subgrade filling to make waste use, to turn waste into treasure and to protect environment. On the one hand, coal gangue material used in filling roadbed can effectively reduce the extra expense of coal gangue treatment in coal mine, solve the problem that many coal gangue accumulates into mountains and pollutes the ecological environment in many coal mines. On the other hand, the coal gangue material used to fill the roadbed can effectively reduce the cost of using it as the subgrade material in highway construction. The gangue material belongs to the waste utilization, which only needs to pay the extra cost of transportation, preservation and processing. However, how to further make full use of coal gangue is still an urgent problem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U414

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