【摘要】：新能源汽車發(fā)展的重要環(huán)節(jié)在于電動(dòng)汽車充電的配套設(shè)施的建設(shè)。近些年,隨著電動(dòng)汽車的大量推廣,電動(dòng)汽車充電站的需求也在不斷升高。然而,當(dāng)充電站的建設(shè)達(dá)到一定數(shù)量時(shí),會(huì)對(duì)電網(wǎng)造成較大的影響,同時(shí)會(huì)影響配電網(wǎng)的電能質(zhì)量。本文從電動(dòng)汽車充電站的角度出發(fā),分析電動(dòng)汽車接入配電網(wǎng)后產(chǎn)生的諧波影響及電壓影響,對(duì)提高電能質(zhì)量的措施進(jìn)行合理的分析,為充電站的設(shè)計(jì)和建設(shè)提供理論支持。首先,本文搭建不同類型的電動(dòng)汽車充電機(jī)仿真模型,并根據(jù)這些充電機(jī)模型建立三種電動(dòng)汽車充電站模型:公交大巴車充電站仿真模型、商業(yè)樓宇集中充電站仿真模型以及居民小區(qū)集中充電站仿真模型。其次,根據(jù)非車載充電機(jī)及交流充電樁的不同充電特性,分析集中式充電的電動(dòng)汽車充電站產(chǎn)生的諧波特性,研究其電流總諧波畸變率及各次諧波電流含有率的變化規(guī)律。針對(duì)具有隨機(jī)特性的電動(dòng)汽車充電負(fù)荷集中接入配電網(wǎng)造成電壓的波動(dòng)的問題,分析其產(chǎn)生的主要原因。最后根據(jù)仿真結(jié)果,通過加入無源濾波器、有源濾波器、無功補(bǔ)償器等設(shè)備模型,改善不同類型充電站的電能質(zhì)量,并對(duì)直流充電站與交流充電站電能質(zhì)量改善結(jié)果作對(duì)比,從經(jīng)濟(jì)性及治理效果的角度出發(fā),綜合考慮抑制諧波及改善電壓水平的措施,為后續(xù)相似作用的充電站建設(shè)提供依據(jù)。通過仿真分析可以得出:并聯(lián)運(yùn)行的電動(dòng)汽車充電機(jī)相互間存在諧波抵消的作用。采用不可控整流的電動(dòng)汽車充電站使用有源濾波器進(jìn)行抑制經(jīng)濟(jì)性最好,既可以有效濾除諧波污染,又可以使電壓波動(dòng)減小。采用PWM整流的電動(dòng)汽車充電站,只通過無源濾波器對(duì)特定次諧波進(jìn)行治理即可達(dá)到較高的效果;若充電站規(guī)模較小時(shí),可選用造價(jià)較高的PWM整流充電機(jī);若充電站規(guī)模較大時(shí),可選用不可控整流充電機(jī)配有源濾波器。
[Abstract]:The important link of the development of new energy vehicle lies in the construction of supporting facilities for electric vehicle charging. In recent years, with the extensive promotion of electric vehicles, the demand for charging stations of electric vehicles is also increasing. However, when the construction of charging stations reaches a certain number, it will have a great impact on the power grid, and will affect the power quality of the distribution network at the same time. From the point of view of electric vehicle charging station, this paper analyzes the harmonic and voltage effects of electric vehicle connected to the distribution network, and makes a reasonable analysis of the measures to improve the power quality, which provides theoretical support for the design and construction of the charging station. First of all, this paper builds different kinds of electric vehicle charger simulation model, and according to these models, establishes three kinds of electric vehicle charging station model: bus charging station simulation model. Commercial building centralized charging station simulation model and residential district centralized charging station simulation model. Secondly, according to the different charging characteristics of non-on-board charging machine and AC charging pile, the harmonic characteristics of the charging station of centralized charging electric vehicle are analyzed, and the variation law of the total harmonic distortion rate of current and the content rate of each harmonic current are studied. In order to solve the problem of voltage fluctuation caused by centralized charging load of electric vehicles with random characteristics, the main causes of voltage fluctuation are analyzed. Finally, according to the simulation results, by adding passive filter, active filter, reactive power compensator and other equipment models, the power quality of different types of charging stations is improved, and the results of improving the power quality of DC charging station and AC charging station are compared. From the point of view of economy and treatment effect, the measures of restraining harmonics and improving voltage level are considered synthetically, which can provide the basis for the construction of charging station with similar effect in the future. Through the simulation analysis, it can be concluded that the electric vehicle charging machine in parallel has the function of harmonic canceling between each other. It is better to use active filter to suppress the electric vehicle charging station with uncontrollable rectifier, which can filter the harmonic pollution effectively and reduce the voltage fluctuation. The electric vehicle charging station with PWM rectifier can achieve higher effect only through passive filter. If the scale of charging station is small, the PWM rectifier with high cost can be selected; if the charging station is large, Optional uncontrollable rectifier charger with source filter.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM711;U491.8

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 臧志華;許自強(qiáng);臧志國(guó);侯佳偉;;不同充電策略下電動(dòng)汽車對(duì)配電網(wǎng)的影響分析[J];電力信息與通信技術(shù);2016年05期

2 陳麗丹;張堯;;電動(dòng)汽車隨機(jī)充電對(duì)配電網(wǎng)影響的研究[J];電力科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)報(bào);2016年01期

3 王祖綱;呂建中;楊艷;高慧;;中國(guó)新能源汽車發(fā)展及對(duì)油氣行業(yè)影響分析[J];國(guó)際石油經(jīng)濟(jì);2016年01期

4 張祥文;江星星;王龍;張聰;田炯;馬軍;;配電網(wǎng)接納電動(dòng)汽車能力評(píng)估方法研究[J];電力系統(tǒng)保護(hù)與控制;2015年12期

5 楊秀菊;白曉清;李佩杰;韋化;;電動(dòng)汽車規(guī)模化接入配電網(wǎng)的充電優(yōu)化[J];電力自動(dòng)化設(shè)備;2015年06期

6 張叢;吳毅;;電動(dòng)汽車充電機(jī)現(xiàn)狀與關(guān)鍵技術(shù)淺談[J];電氣時(shí)代;2015年03期

7 周念成;蒲松林;王強(qiáng)鋼;姜光學(xué);曾憲平;陳敏;;電動(dòng)汽車充電站在線監(jiān)測(cè)和分析評(píng)估系統(tǒng)[J];電力自動(dòng)化設(shè)備;2014年11期

8 錢照明;張軍明;盛況;;電力電子器件及其應(yīng)用的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展[J];中國(guó)電機(jī)工程學(xué)報(bào);2014年29期

9 趙偉;孟金嶺;陳銳民;孫衛(wèi)明;羅敏;;電動(dòng)汽車充換電設(shè)施電能計(jì)量及溯源方法[J];電力系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化;2013年11期

10 施曉清;李笑諾;楊建新;;低碳交通電動(dòng)汽車碳減排潛力及其影響因素分析[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2013年01期

，

本文編號(hào)：2157871