【摘要】：目前,伴隨著城市生活水平的上升,社會(huì)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步與經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的提高,城市機(jī)動(dòng)車保有量也在逐年提升,這使得城市交通問題日益嚴(yán)峻,人們越來越認(rèn)同具有低能源消耗、低環(huán)境污染、低土地占用、低出行成本等優(yōu)點(diǎn)的公共交通是緩解目前城市擁堵的最好方式。而公交運(yùn)營的核心內(nèi)容——公交調(diào)度,在日常公交工作中顯得十分重要,同時(shí),對公交調(diào)度系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)與優(yōu)化研究也是提高運(yùn)行服務(wù)水平、提升公交出行方式吸引程度的關(guān)鍵。本次研究從公交管理組織和調(diào)度現(xiàn)狀出發(fā),在此基礎(chǔ)上提出現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)的不足之處。最后分別從公交調(diào)度模式及其策略;智能公交調(diào)度系統(tǒng)研究;公交車輛線路調(diào)度優(yōu)化研究三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行深入詳細(xì)的探索。公交車輛調(diào)度工作依據(jù)是否具備實(shí)時(shí)特性可以分為靜態(tài)調(diào)度和動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)度,而按照調(diào)度組織的最小單位(車輛與線路),公交調(diào)度又分為線路調(diào)度和區(qū)域調(diào)度。本次研究分別針對線路調(diào)度和區(qū)域調(diào)度,在對比分析這兩種調(diào)度模式的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步研究了其對應(yīng)的調(diào)度模式。最后指出雖然區(qū)域調(diào)度優(yōu)勢突出,是未來發(fā)展的趨勢,但是線路調(diào)度作為前提與基礎(chǔ),針對它的研究不可或缺。結(jié)合當(dāng)前城市公交調(diào)度體系的現(xiàn)狀,本次研究針對不同的對象進(jìn)行了需求分析,這些對象包括管理決策者,公交出行者與公交企業(yè)。接下來分析了智能公交系統(tǒng)所要達(dá)到的目標(biāo),進(jìn)而對一個(gè)完整的實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)度過程做出設(shè)想。在公交車輛線路調(diào)度優(yōu)化部分,本次研究以乘客的等車時(shí)間最小和公交企業(yè)運(yùn)營效益最大為目標(biāo),為了盡量保證雙方的利益,本次研究不涉及權(quán)重指標(biāo)分配,對等地看待兩個(gè)優(yōu)化目標(biāo),即多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化問題,最后將整個(gè)優(yōu)化過程用一個(gè)明確的數(shù)學(xué)模型表達(dá)。該模型的決策變量為車輛的發(fā)車時(shí)刻,約束條件包括發(fā)出車輛間隔,相鄰車輛時(shí)間間隔以及期望車輛滿載率,求解算法采用基于遺傳算法的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化法,最后依靠計(jì)算機(jī)編程實(shí)現(xiàn)模型的求解。在實(shí)例研究方面,本次研究選擇蘭州市快速公交B1路為研究對象進(jìn)行案例分析,利用Matlab軟件將模型轉(zhuǎn)化為程序代碼,從而進(jìn)行發(fā)車時(shí)刻表計(jì)算,并將求解得到的發(fā)車時(shí)刻表與現(xiàn)行計(jì)劃進(jìn)行對比。最后,鑒于B1路部分站點(diǎn)客流的種類與時(shí)間分布特性,還考慮了大站快車的輔助調(diào)度計(jì)劃,將其加入新的時(shí)刻表中配合使用。
[Abstract]:At present, with the rise of urban living standards, the development of society and the improvement of economic level, the number of urban motor vehicles is also increasing year by year, which makes the urban traffic problems become increasingly serious, people more and more agree with the low energy consumption. Low environmental pollution, low land occupation, low travel cost and other advantages of public transport is the best way to alleviate the current urban congestion. The core content of public transport operation-bus dispatch, is very important in the daily public transport work, at the same time, the design and optimization of the bus dispatching system is also to improve the level of operation services. The key to enhance the attraction of bus travel mode. Based on the present situation of bus management organization and dispatch, the deficiency of the existing system is put forward. Finally, from three aspects of bus scheduling mode and strategy, intelligent bus scheduling system research and bus route scheduling optimization research, the paper makes a deep and detailed exploration. Bus scheduling can be divided into static scheduling and dynamic scheduling according to whether it has real-time characteristics. According to the smallest unit of scheduling organization (vehicle and line), bus scheduling can be divided into line scheduling and regional scheduling. In this study, the corresponding scheduling modes are further studied based on the comparative analysis of the two scheduling modes for line scheduling and regional scheduling. Finally, it is pointed out that although the superiority of regional scheduling is prominent, it is the trend of future development, but as the premise and foundation, the research of line scheduling is indispensable. Combined with the current situation of urban public transport scheduling system, this study analyzed the needs of different objects, including management decision makers, public transport travelers and public transport enterprises. Then, the goal of intelligent bus system is analyzed, and a complete real-time scheduling process is envisaged. In the part of bus route scheduling optimization, the aim of this study is to minimize the waiting time of passengers and maximize the operational benefits of public transport enterprises. In order to ensure the interests of both sides as far as possible, this study does not involve the allocation of weights. Two optimization objectives are treated equally, that is, multi-objective optimization problem. Finally, the whole optimization process is expressed in a clear mathematical model. The decision variable of the model is the departure time of the vehicle. The constraint conditions include the vehicle interval, the time interval between adjacent vehicles and the expected vehicle full load rate. The algorithm uses the multi-objective optimization method based on genetic algorithm. Finally, the solution of the model is realized by computer programming. In the aspect of case study, this study selected bus Rapid Transit B1 Road in Lanzhou as the case study object, using Matlab software to transform the model into program code, so as to calculate the departure schedule. The train timetable is compared with the current plan. Finally, in view of the type and time distribution characteristics of the passenger flow at the B1 station, the auxiliary scheduling plan of the express train at the large station is considered, and it is added to the new timetable to be used together.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491.17

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