面向服務的綜合客運樞紐可靠性選址與服務策略研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-27 14:44
【摘要】：隨著綜合交通運輸體系的高速發(fā)展,其節(jié)點——綜合客運樞紐，在政府政策和科學研究等方面都得到了大力支持和廣泛關注。因為其具有建設費用高、周期長、服務面大等特點,為貫徹執(zhí)行“以人為本”的服務宗旨,不能僅僅考慮單環(huán)竹的服務優(yōu)化,而應從長期效益出發(fā),統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、建設、運營和退役等各環(huán)節(jié),以全生命周期的整體最優(yōu)作為管理目標,即,構建面向服務的全生命周期優(yōu)化管理機制。 目前,綜合客運樞紐在選址和服務策略制定時依然主要靠靜態(tài)的經(jīng)驗估計等方法,無論是在工程實踐還是理論研究中都存在著一些不足。本文對國內(nèi)外綜合客運樞紐的規(guī)劃、建設、運營等全生命周期各個環(huán)節(jié)的文獻研究做了詳細的綜述,認為既有研究的薄弱方面要在于：較少有從全生命周期角度對綜合客運樞紐的服務網(wǎng)絡進行研究；選址時較少考慮到樞紐失效的可能性；對乘客與管理者的博弈關系認識不清楚等問題,解決這些問題可為提升新建樞紐體系的可靠性和既有樞紐的服務水平等提供一定的科學依據(jù),為實現(xiàn)乘客與交通的和諧發(fā)展提供理論和技術保障。 本文的主要工作如下： 首先描述了在樞紐失效且不完全信息情景下的乘客應對機制,提出了一種新的訪問策略,即,任何情境下,每個顧客都只會按照提前確定的訪問次序來依次訪問指定的樞紐站,并會停留在第一個遇到可獲得服務的樞紐,或者遍訪無果后,放棄出行服務并接受懲罰費用。該種訪問策略本質上是一種試錯(trial-and-error)策略,本文將之命名為“基于有限深度的次序訪問策略”。基于該訪問策略,本文將不完全信息下的可靠性選址問題構建成一個高度精簡的整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型。與傳統(tǒng)選址模型不同,本模型的決策變量并不只是確定建設樞紐的位置和數(shù)量,還要確定每個顧客的訪問次序,以獲得最優(yōu)的目標值。 其次,為了高效求解不完全信息下可靠性選址模型,本文構建了基于拉格朗日松弛算法的求解方法,并用實例數(shù)據(jù)進行了案例分析。結果表明,該方法雖然只是求得次優(yōu)解,卻可以在合理的時間內(nèi),得到較好的結果,并且優(yōu)于常用的優(yōu)化軟件CPLEX和Gurobi,具有較高的有效性。案例分析不僅驗證了模型和算法的實用性,并且得到了一些對管理有益的建議：考慮到樞紐失效因素時,為了提高服務的可靠性,優(yōu)化方案會呈現(xiàn)較為密集的選址布局；乘客未必被分配到最近的樞紐站,反而可能優(yōu)先選擇也許距離較遠但密集度較高的樞紐點：備用樞紐站的存在,極大的提高了服務可靠性和客運系統(tǒng)的有效性和魯棒性。因此,該模型可以有效的增強基礎設施系統(tǒng)的可靠性：即使信息網(wǎng)絡全部或者部分隨樞紐失效而失效時,該優(yōu)化布局方案仍然可以增強綜合交通樞紐體系的可靠性。這種選址思路可以有效地提高綜合客運樞紐的服務水平,從而體現(xiàn)了“以人為本”的服務思想。 最后,在運營階段,為了從全生命周期的角度提升服務質量,本文還構建了基于博弈的服務策略優(yōu)化模型。為了制定有針對性的服務策略,必須首先明確樞紐是處于正常運營狀態(tài)還是突發(fā)事件狀態(tài),為此本文提出了“聚合態(tài)”的概念,確�？瓦\樞紐實時狀態(tài)的準確度量和表現(xiàn)；根據(jù)不同的時空資源配置和樞紐實時狀態(tài)所處的范圍,構建了基于管理者和乘客Stackelberg博弈的雙層策略優(yōu)化模型：考慮到管理者希望性能最優(yōu)、成本最小和乘客希望自己的行走成本最低的目標,最終達到二者都滿意的平衡,確定此時最優(yōu)的服務策略；并用遺傳算法進行求解,通過算例驗證了模型和算法的有效性和實用性。服務策略優(yōu)化模型可以促使管理者換位思考,從而制定更加合理、有效的服務措施。 本文提出的模型可以在一定程度上增強綜合交通系統(tǒng)可靠性和穩(wěn)定性,從而更好的服務于人民群眾,體現(xiàn)“以人為本”的服務宗旨,并在某種程度上增強了社會的穩(wěn)定性,有助于提高社會福祉。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the comprehensive transportation system, its node, the comprehensive passenger transport hub, has been strongly supported and widely concerned in the government policy and scientific research. Because of its high construction cost, long cycle and large service face, it can not only consider the single ring bamboo for the purpose of carrying out the "human based" service. The service optimization should be based on the long-term benefits, planning, construction, operation and decommissioning of the whole life cycle as a management target, that is, to build a service oriented full life cycle optimization management mechanism.
At present, the location and service strategy of the integrated passenger transport hub are still mainly based on the static experience estimation methods, and there are some shortcomings in both the engineering practice and the theoretical research. This paper makes a detailed review of the literature research on the whole life cycle of the planning, construction and operation of the comprehensive passenger transport hub at home and abroad. It is believed that the weak aspects of the research should be: less research on the service network of the comprehensive passenger transport hub from the point of full life cycle, less consideration of the possibility of the failure of the hub in the location of the site, the unclear understanding of the game relationship between the passengers and the managers, and the solution of these problems to improve the reliability of the new hub system. It provides a scientific basis for sex and the service level of existing hub, so as to provide theoretical and technical guarantee for the harmonious development of passenger and traffic.
The main work of this article is as follows:
First, it describes the passenger response mechanism under the hub failure and incomplete information scenario, and proposes a new access strategy. In any situation, each customer will only visit the designated hub according to the predetermined order of access, and will stay at the first meeting of a hub for service, or after a visit without a fruit, This kind of access strategy is essentially a trial and error (trial-and-error) strategy, which is named "order access strategy based on limited depth". Based on this access strategy, this paper constructs a highly streamlined integer programming model under incomplete information. The traditional location model is different. The decision variable of this model is not only to determine the location and quantity of the construction hub, but also to determine the order of each customer to obtain the optimal target value.
Secondly, in order to efficiently solve the reliability location model under incomplete information, this paper constructs a solution method based on Lagrange relaxation algorithm, and uses case data to carry out a case analysis. The results show that the method can get better results in a reasonable time and better than the commonly used optimization, although it only obtains the suboptimal solution. CPLEX and Gurobi are highly effective. The case analysis not only validates the practicability of the model and algorithm, but also gives some useful suggestions for management. In order to improve the reliability of the service, the optimization scheme will present a more intensive location layout in order to improve the reliability of the hub; passengers may not be assigned to the nearest hub. Instead, it may give priority to a hub that may be far away but more dense: the existence of a standby hub greatly improves the reliability of the service and the effectiveness and robustness of the passenger transport system. Therefore, the model can effectively enhance the reliability of the infrastructure system, even if the whole or part of the information network is ineffective with the hub. In the case of failure, the optimal layout scheme can still enhance the reliability of the integrated transportation hub system, which can effectively improve the service level of the comprehensive passenger transport hub, and thus embody the "people-oriented" service idea.
Finally, in order to improve the service quality from the full life cycle, this paper also constructs a game based service strategy optimization model. In order to formulate a targeted service strategy, it is necessary to first make clear that the hub is in the normal operation state or the emergency state, so the concept of "aggregate state" is proposed. The accurate measurement and performance of the real time state of the passenger transport hub is guaranteed. According to the different space-time resource allocation and the scope of the real-time state of the hub, a double strategy optimization model based on the manager and the passenger Stackelberg game is constructed. Considering that the manager hopes the performance is optimal, the cost is the smallest and the passenger wants the lowest walking cost of the passenger. The goal is to achieve a satisfactory balance between the two, and determine the best service strategy at this time, and use the genetic algorithm to solve the problem. Through an example, the validity and practicability of the model and algorithm are verified. The service strategy optimization model can promote the managers to think in transposition and make more reasonable and effective service measures.
The model proposed in this paper can enhance the reliability and stability of the integrated transportation system to a certain extent, so as to better serve the people, reflect the "people-oriented" service purpose, and to some extent, enhance the stability of the society, and help to improve the social well-being.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U115
本文編號：2148154
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the comprehensive transportation system, its node, the comprehensive passenger transport hub, has been strongly supported and widely concerned in the government policy and scientific research. Because of its high construction cost, long cycle and large service face, it can not only consider the single ring bamboo for the purpose of carrying out the "human based" service. The service optimization should be based on the long-term benefits, planning, construction, operation and decommissioning of the whole life cycle as a management target, that is, to build a service oriented full life cycle optimization management mechanism.
At present, the location and service strategy of the integrated passenger transport hub are still mainly based on the static experience estimation methods, and there are some shortcomings in both the engineering practice and the theoretical research. This paper makes a detailed review of the literature research on the whole life cycle of the planning, construction and operation of the comprehensive passenger transport hub at home and abroad. It is believed that the weak aspects of the research should be: less research on the service network of the comprehensive passenger transport hub from the point of full life cycle, less consideration of the possibility of the failure of the hub in the location of the site, the unclear understanding of the game relationship between the passengers and the managers, and the solution of these problems to improve the reliability of the new hub system. It provides a scientific basis for sex and the service level of existing hub, so as to provide theoretical and technical guarantee for the harmonious development of passenger and traffic.
The main work of this article is as follows:
First, it describes the passenger response mechanism under the hub failure and incomplete information scenario, and proposes a new access strategy. In any situation, each customer will only visit the designated hub according to the predetermined order of access, and will stay at the first meeting of a hub for service, or after a visit without a fruit, This kind of access strategy is essentially a trial and error (trial-and-error) strategy, which is named "order access strategy based on limited depth". Based on this access strategy, this paper constructs a highly streamlined integer programming model under incomplete information. The traditional location model is different. The decision variable of this model is not only to determine the location and quantity of the construction hub, but also to determine the order of each customer to obtain the optimal target value.
Secondly, in order to efficiently solve the reliability location model under incomplete information, this paper constructs a solution method based on Lagrange relaxation algorithm, and uses case data to carry out a case analysis. The results show that the method can get better results in a reasonable time and better than the commonly used optimization, although it only obtains the suboptimal solution. CPLEX and Gurobi are highly effective. The case analysis not only validates the practicability of the model and algorithm, but also gives some useful suggestions for management. In order to improve the reliability of the service, the optimization scheme will present a more intensive location layout in order to improve the reliability of the hub; passengers may not be assigned to the nearest hub. Instead, it may give priority to a hub that may be far away but more dense: the existence of a standby hub greatly improves the reliability of the service and the effectiveness and robustness of the passenger transport system. Therefore, the model can effectively enhance the reliability of the infrastructure system, even if the whole or part of the information network is ineffective with the hub. In the case of failure, the optimal layout scheme can still enhance the reliability of the integrated transportation hub system, which can effectively improve the service level of the comprehensive passenger transport hub, and thus embody the "people-oriented" service idea.
Finally, in order to improve the service quality from the full life cycle, this paper also constructs a game based service strategy optimization model. In order to formulate a targeted service strategy, it is necessary to first make clear that the hub is in the normal operation state or the emergency state, so the concept of "aggregate state" is proposed. The accurate measurement and performance of the real time state of the passenger transport hub is guaranteed. According to the different space-time resource allocation and the scope of the real-time state of the hub, a double strategy optimization model based on the manager and the passenger Stackelberg game is constructed. Considering that the manager hopes the performance is optimal, the cost is the smallest and the passenger wants the lowest walking cost of the passenger. The goal is to achieve a satisfactory balance between the two, and determine the best service strategy at this time, and use the genetic algorithm to solve the problem. Through an example, the validity and practicability of the model and algorithm are verified. The service strategy optimization model can promote the managers to think in transposition and make more reasonable and effective service measures.
The model proposed in this paper can enhance the reliability and stability of the integrated transportation system to a certain extent, so as to better serve the people, reflect the "people-oriented" service purpose, and to some extent, enhance the stability of the society, and help to improve the social well-being.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U115
【參考文獻】
相關期刊論文 前10條
1 孫立山;任福田;;客運交通樞紐換乘客流的組織優(yōu)化[J];道路交通與安全;2007年03期
2 呂慎;李旭宏;;城市客運換乘樞紐設施布局效用分析[J];東南大學學報(自然科學版);2006年06期
3 張琦;韓寶明;魯放;;城市軌道交通樞紐的動態(tài)評價方法研究[J];都市快軌交通;2007年06期
4 方偉峰,楊立中,黃銳;基于元胞自動機的多自主體人員行為模型及其在性能化設計中的應用[J];中國工程科學;2003年03期
5 楊曉光,張玨,張海軍;軌道交通換乘樞紐交通信息服務分析[J];城市軌道交通研究;2004年05期
6 關昌余;王哲人;;DEA方法在城市客運換乘樞紐評價中的應用研究[J];公路交通科技;2008年09期
7 孫小年,姜彩良,王江平;城市客運交通換乘銜接的綜合評價[J];交通標準化;2005年10期
8 李偉,王煒,鄧衛(wèi),吳蓉蓉;城市客運換乘樞紐多目標灰關聯(lián)綜合評價研究[J];交通運輸工程與信息學報;2004年04期
9 劉爽,陳紹寬,郭謹一;基于GIS的區(qū)域交通網(wǎng)絡描述及構建技術研究[J];交通運輸工程與信息學報;2005年01期
10 朱雪松,彭國雄,周文輝;基于層次分析(AHP)的公共交通樞紐換乘銜接模糊評價[J];內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)大學學報(自然科學版);2003年04期
相關博士學位論文 前1條
1 曹守華;城市軌道交通乘客交通特性分析及建模[D];北京交通大學;2009年
，本文編號：2148154
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/daoluqiaoliang/2148154.html
