【摘要】：我國高速鐵路發(fā)展迅速。由于高鐵隧道的特殊性和隱蔽性,對襯砌結構內部質量缺陷和病害難以實時檢測和識別,而車載探地雷達遠距離檢測新技術具有高效快速大面積檢測的優(yōu)勢,運用到高鐵隧道質量普查和病害檢測中可以獲得高鐵隧道直觀的結構剖面圖,具有廣闊的應用前景。目前有關遠距離檢測高鐵隧道襯砌及背后狀態(tài)的理論和實踐,還處于前期研究階段,因此本文基于車載探地雷達技術,開展遠距離檢測高鐵隧道襯砌狀態(tài)的試驗研究,對保障高速鐵路隧道運營安全具有重要意義。鐵路車載探地雷達隧道檢測系統(tǒng)采用空氣耦合天線,天線與襯砌表面之間有一定的距離。檢測過程中,電磁波在空氣中存在擴散(幾何)衰減,在隧道襯砌與圍巖中存在吸收衰減。本文圍繞車載探地雷達電磁波這兩大衰減特性展開研究。通過數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計、數(shù)值仿真、室外試驗等手段,尋找車載探地雷達電磁波在隧道襯砌與圍巖中的吸收衰減規(guī)律,分析電磁波在空氣中的幾何衰減對車載探地雷達探測深度的影響,為車載探地雷達檢測高鐵隧道襯砌狀態(tài)提供理論依據(jù),主要工作(貢獻)如下:(1)基于兩種車載檢測工況,分析了高鐵隧道遠距離車載檢測條件,天線到襯砌表面的距離需要3m～4m,從而確立了車載探地雷達檢測高鐵隧道的基本要求和條件。(2)基于既有線車載探地雷達隧道檢測數(shù)據(jù),選取襄渝二線、西康線和陽安線的33座隧道作為統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)的樣本來源,應用最小二乘法原理擬合得到188組襯砌—圍巖的電磁波衰減系數(shù),在95%的置信條件下估計了 300MHz天線隧道襯砌—圍巖的衰減系數(shù)是0.867～0.9,它是探究300MHz天線的車載探地雷達系統(tǒng)檢測高鐵隧道有效探測深度的基礎。(3)圍繞車載探地雷達檢測高鐵隧道的基本要求和條件,開展了室外測試實驗,研究車載GPR-300MHz天線在不同測試距離工況下的振幅響應衰減曲線及有效探測深度,從而得到天線與襯砌表面之間空氣中的幾何衰減對車載探地雷達探測深度的影響;以數(shù)值仿真雷達圖像和遠距離測試工況雷達圖譜為依托,根據(jù)衰減理論和實驗結果,得出高鐵隧道檢測距離與檢測深度之間的關系:當檢測距離由1m逐漸過渡到4m時,有效探測深度由2.61m減小到0.98m。當天線位于高速鐵路機車車輛限界以內時,200km/h客貨共線鐵路隧道,拱頂至天線輻射面距離2.85m～3.70m,最小檢測深度1.0m～1.4m;250km/h客運專線隧道,拱頂至天線輻射面距離3.25m～3.88m,最小檢測深度約1.0m;350km/h客運專線鐵路雙線隧道,拱頂至天線輻射面距離不低于3.98m,最小檢測深度約0.9m�？稍u價設計時速200km客貨共線的單線隧道的襯砌圍巖狀態(tài),而其它時速的高鐵隧道探測深度較淺,只能評價襯砌層狀態(tài)。(4)針對高鐵隧道遠距離測試工況,研究車載探地雷達信號增強技術,提出在數(shù)據(jù)采集時進行多次累加的思想,有效補償了因天線離隧道壁距離增大而造成的擴散損失。放大了深層回波信號,通過室外實驗,累加次數(shù)越多,深層回波信號增強效果越明顯。當累加參數(shù)為4,天線離襯砌表面4m時,探測深度從襯砌表面算起1.5m,可評價各時速公里高速鐵路隧道(200～350km/h)的襯砌及淺部圍巖狀態(tài)。但是累加次數(shù)越多,測試速度越慢,建議累加次數(shù)為4,既能滿足襯砌結構及淺部圍巖病害普查的要求,又能保持較高的采集速度。(5)基于兩種車載檢測工況,提出了高鐵隧道遠距離車載檢測條件,得出了對于單線隧道可進行全斷面檢測,雙線隧道可單邊往復檢測的車載GPR遠距離檢測方案。設計了一套高鐵隧道遠距離檢測天線基座與固定方法,研究成果依托可進入高鐵線路的軌道板車作為天線基座安裝的對象,具體給出了固定方法的解決方案。此外,這種支撐方式可滿足地鐵隧道、公路隧道及其他地下洞室的快速檢測,拓寬了車載探地雷達系統(tǒng)的應用范圍。本研究對車載探地雷達應用于高鐵隧道質量檢測及病害普查提供了重要的依據(jù)和研究方向。
[Abstract]:The high-speed railway in China has developed rapidly. Due to the particularity and concealment of the high speed railway tunnel, it is difficult to detect and identify the defects of the internal quality and disease of the lining structure in real time, and the new technology of remote detection of the vehicle on the vehicle has the advantage of high efficiency and rapid and large area detection. It can be used in high speed railway tunnel quality survey and disease detection. The visual structure section of the iron tunnel has a broad application prospect. At present, the theory and practice of detecting the lining and behind the state of the high speed railway tunnel with the close distance distance are still in the early stage of study. Therefore, this paper is based on the vehicle mounted ground penetrating radar technology to carry out the experimental study on the lining state of the high speed railway tunnel for long distance detection, and to ensure the high speed railway tunnel. There is a certain distance between the air coupled antenna and the surface of the lining. During the detection process, the electromagnetic wave exists in the air (geometry) attenuation and attenuation in the tunnel lining and surrounding rock. This paper focuses on the electromagnetic wave of the vehicle ground penetrating radar. The two attenuation characteristics are studied. Through data statistics, numerical simulation, outdoor test and other means, the absorption attenuation law of the electromagnetic wave in the tunnel lining and surrounding rock is found, and the influence of the electromagnetic wave attenuation in the air on the detection depth of the vehicle ground penetrating radar is analyzed, and the vehicle ground penetrating radar is used to detect the lining of the high speed tunnel. The main work provides the theoretical basis, and the main work (contribution) is as follows: (1) based on the two vehicle detection conditions, the long distance vehicle detection conditions of the high speed railway tunnel are analyzed. The distance between the antenna to the lining surface needs 3m to 4m, thus the basic requirements and conditions for the vehicle detection of the high speed railway tunnel are established. (2) based on the existing railway ground penetrating radar tunnel The 33 tunnels of Xiangyu line, Xikang line and Yang 'an line are selected as the sample sources of statistical data, and the electromagnetic wave attenuation coefficient of 188 sets of lining rock is obtained by using the least square method. The attenuation coefficient of 300MHz tunnel lining wall rock is 0.867 ~ 0.9 under the 95% confidence condition. It is to explore 300M The ground penetrating radar system of the Hz antenna is used to detect the effective detection depth of the high speed railway tunnel. (3) around the basic requirements and conditions of the vehicular ground penetrating radar to detect the high speed railway tunnel, the outdoor test experiments are carried out to study the amplitude response attenuation curve and the effective detection depth of the vehicle GPR-300MHz antenna under different test range conditions. The influence of the geometric attenuation between the antenna and the lining surface on the detection depth of the vehicle ground penetrating radar; based on the radar image of the numerical simulation radar and the radar Atlas of the long distance test conditions, the relationship between the detection distance and the detection depth of the high speed railway tunnel is obtained according to the attenuation theory and the experimental results: the detection distance is gradually transferred from 1m to 4m When the effective detection depth is reduced from 2.61M to 0.98m., when the antenna is within the speed limit of high-speed railway vehicles, the 200km/h passenger and Freight Co line tunnel, the distance from the vault to the antenna radiation surface is 2.85m to 3.70M, the minimum detection depth is 1.0m to 1.4m, and the 250km/h Passenger Dedicated Line tunnel, the distance between the vault and the antenna is 3.25m to 3.88M, and the minimum detection depth is about 1.. 0m; 350km/h passenger dedicated line railway double line tunnel, the distance from the vault to the antenna radiation surface is not less than 3.98M, and the minimum detection depth is about 0.9m. to evaluate the surrounding rock state of the lining of the single line tunnel with 200km passenger and Freight Co line at the speed of 200km, while the other high speed tunnel detection depth is shallow and can only evaluate the lining layer state. (4) long distance measurement for the high speed railway tunnel In the test condition, the signal enhancement technology of the vehicle ground penetrating radar is studied. The idea of multiple accumulation in the data acquisition is proposed, which effectively compensates the diffusion loss caused by the increase of the distance between the tunnel wall and the tunnel wall. The deep echo signal is amplified by the outdoor experiment. The more accumulative times, the more obvious enhancement effect of the deep echo signal. For 4, when the antenna is 4m from the lining surface, the depth of detection is 1.5m from the lining surface, which can evaluate the lining and the state of the shallow surrounding rock of the tunnel (200 ~ 350km/h) at each speed kilometer, but the more accumulative times, the slower the test speed is, the number of additional times is 4, which can meet the requirements of the lining structure and the survey of the shallow surrounding rock diseases, and can be maintained. High speed of acquisition. (5) based on two vehicle detection conditions, the long distance vehicle detection conditions for the high speed railway tunnel are proposed. The vehicle GPR remote detection scheme for the single line tunnel can be detected in full section and the double line tunnel can be detected by single side reciprocating detection. A set of long distance detecting antenna base and fixed method for high speed tunnel is designed. The results rely on the rail board which can enter the high rail line as the object of the antenna base, and give the solution to the fixed method. In addition, this method can satisfy the rapid detection of the subway tunnel, highway tunnel and other underground caverns, and widens the application range of the vehicle ground penetrating radar system. Radar provides an important basis and research direction for quality inspection and disease screening of high speed railway tunnels.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U456

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