面向城市快速路的可變限速控制策略研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-20 15:09
【摘要】：城市快速路具有高速公路和城市主干道的雙重功能,在道路系統(tǒng)中的作用和地位日益凸顯。在滿足了城市中長距離、快速高效等交通需求的同時,交通擁堵等一系列問題也層出不窮,比如交通事故、匝道等造成的交通瓶頸,嚴重制約了城市快速路的通行效率。因此,本文借助規(guī)則簡單、易于擴展且計算效率高的元胞自動機模型,對快速路中主線事故瓶頸和入口匝道瓶頸進行了建模、仿真和分析,并提出了兩類可變限速控制策略,以道路通行能力等為衡量指標,比較和評價了控制策略的實施效果。本文主要內容如下:1.提出了快速路主線事故場景下的雙車道和三車道模型。根據(jù)事故瓶頸的特點及其附近的車輛行為,劃分了設有特殊換道規(guī)則和更新規(guī)則的事故路段,模擬了車輛的交替匯合和換道等一系列行為。分別對系統(tǒng)流量、緩沖區(qū)流量和交通流演化時空特性進行了分析。結果顯示:雙車道事故模型中堵塞左、右單條車道時,道路剩余通行能力均為37.36%;三車道事故模型中堵塞左、右或中間單車道時,道路剩余通行能力有所差異,分別為42.77%、43.26%、39.08%;在時空圖層面,事故上游均產(chǎn)生致密堵塞帶,事故下游為自由流狀態(tài)。2.基于事故瓶頸場景,提出了固定限速值策略和動態(tài)限速值策略。通過調整限速值和限速區(qū)間的設置方案,分別模擬了不同限速策略下的道路通行能力、點速度和車流演化時空圖的變化。結果顯示:在固定限速值策略中,通過簡單地調節(jié)路段內的限速值不能提高道路通行能力;在動態(tài)限速值策略中,基于限速區(qū)內所有車輛的實時速度,周期性地更新限速值對提高道路通行能力有一定效果;當劃分多個限速段,在事故瓶頸與限速瓶頸之間設置隔離加速區(qū)時會有較為明顯的效果,通行能力可提升11.37%-14.49%;上述兩類限速策略下,事故位置處所有車輛的平均速度逐漸減小,擁堵程度依次嚴重,這些現(xiàn)象與通行能力的結論相吻合。3.采用虛擬匝道的方式對入口匝道系統(tǒng)進行建模,研究入口匝道對主路車流的影響。結果表明:當入口匝道進車概率較小時,主路上下游的流量先增大后穩(wěn)定,飽和流量分別為0.883veh/s和1.072veh/s,此時匝道得到了充分利用;當入口匝道進車概率較大時,主路上下游的流量仍先增大后不變,飽和流量分別為0.77veh/s和1.O1veh/s,系統(tǒng)通行能力下降了 6.83%,此時匝道的飽和流量小于其進車概率;當對主路上游的車輛進行動態(tài)限速值策略,發(fā)現(xiàn)能夠大幅度地提高主路上游的飽和流量,且對道路通行能力的提升有一定的效果。
[Abstract]:The urban expressway has the dual function of expressway and urban main road, and its function and status in the road system is increasingly prominent. At the same time a series of problems such as traffic jams such as traffic accidents ramps and other traffic bottlenecks seriously restrict the efficiency of urban expressway. Therefore, with the help of cellular automata model with simple rules, easy expansion and high computational efficiency, this paper models, simulates and analyzes the main line accident bottleneck and the on-ramp bottleneck in the expressway, and puts forward two kinds of variable speed limit control strategies. The effect of the control strategy is compared and evaluated with the road capacity as the index. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The two-lane and three-lane models of expressway main line accident scene are proposed. According to the characteristics of the accident bottleneck and the behavior of the vehicles nearby, the accident sections with special changing rules and updating rules are divided, and a series of behaviors are simulated, such as the alternating convergence and the changing of the lanes of the vehicles. The temporal and spatial characteristics of system traffic, buffer flow and traffic flow evolution are analyzed respectively. The results show that the residual capacity of the road in the two-lane accident model is 37.36 when the left lane and the right single lane are blocked, and the residual capacity of the road is different when the left, right or middle single lane is blocked in the three-lane accident model. 42.77 / 43.26 and 39.08, respectively; at the space-time chart level, there are dense clogging zones in the upper reaches of the accident, and free flow state of .2. in the downstream of the accident. Based on the accident bottleneck scenario, a fixed speed limit strategy and a dynamic speed limit strategy are proposed. By adjusting the speed limit value and the setting scheme of the speed limit interval, the changes of road capacity, point velocity and vehicle flow evolution map under different speed limit strategies are simulated respectively. The results show that in the fixed speed limit strategy, the road capacity can not be improved by simply adjusting the speed limit, and in the dynamic speed limit strategy, based on the real-time speed of all vehicles in the speed limit zone, Updating the speed limit periodically has certain effect on improving the capacity of the road, and when divided into several speed limit sections, it will have obvious effect when setting the isolated acceleration zone between the accident bottleneck and the speed limit bottleneck. The traffic capacity can be increased by 11.37-14.49.The average speed of all vehicles at the accident location decreases gradually, and the degree of congestion is serious, which is consistent with the conclusion of traffic capacity. The virtual ramp is used to model the on-ramp system and the influence of the on-ramp on the traffic flow on the main road is studied. The results show that when the entry probability of the on-ramp is small, the upstream and downstream flow of the main road increases first and then stabilizes, and the saturated flow is 0.883veh/s and 1.072 veh / s, respectively, and the ramp is fully utilized when the on-ramp entry probability is high. The flow of the upstream and downstream of the main road increases first and then remains unchanged. The saturated flow is 0.77veh/s and 1.O1veh / s, respectively, and the capacity of the system decreases by 6.83.The saturated flow of the ramp is less than its probability of entering the vehicle, and when the dynamic speed limit strategy is applied to the vehicle upstream of the main road, It is found that the saturated flow in the upstream of the main road can be greatly increased and the capacity of the road can be improved to a certain extent.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491.4
本文編號：2133927
[Abstract]:The urban expressway has the dual function of expressway and urban main road, and its function and status in the road system is increasingly prominent. At the same time a series of problems such as traffic jams such as traffic accidents ramps and other traffic bottlenecks seriously restrict the efficiency of urban expressway. Therefore, with the help of cellular automata model with simple rules, easy expansion and high computational efficiency, this paper models, simulates and analyzes the main line accident bottleneck and the on-ramp bottleneck in the expressway, and puts forward two kinds of variable speed limit control strategies. The effect of the control strategy is compared and evaluated with the road capacity as the index. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The two-lane and three-lane models of expressway main line accident scene are proposed. According to the characteristics of the accident bottleneck and the behavior of the vehicles nearby, the accident sections with special changing rules and updating rules are divided, and a series of behaviors are simulated, such as the alternating convergence and the changing of the lanes of the vehicles. The temporal and spatial characteristics of system traffic, buffer flow and traffic flow evolution are analyzed respectively. The results show that the residual capacity of the road in the two-lane accident model is 37.36 when the left lane and the right single lane are blocked, and the residual capacity of the road is different when the left, right or middle single lane is blocked in the three-lane accident model. 42.77 / 43.26 and 39.08, respectively; at the space-time chart level, there are dense clogging zones in the upper reaches of the accident, and free flow state of .2. in the downstream of the accident. Based on the accident bottleneck scenario, a fixed speed limit strategy and a dynamic speed limit strategy are proposed. By adjusting the speed limit value and the setting scheme of the speed limit interval, the changes of road capacity, point velocity and vehicle flow evolution map under different speed limit strategies are simulated respectively. The results show that in the fixed speed limit strategy, the road capacity can not be improved by simply adjusting the speed limit, and in the dynamic speed limit strategy, based on the real-time speed of all vehicles in the speed limit zone, Updating the speed limit periodically has certain effect on improving the capacity of the road, and when divided into several speed limit sections, it will have obvious effect when setting the isolated acceleration zone between the accident bottleneck and the speed limit bottleneck. The traffic capacity can be increased by 11.37-14.49.The average speed of all vehicles at the accident location decreases gradually, and the degree of congestion is serious, which is consistent with the conclusion of traffic capacity. The virtual ramp is used to model the on-ramp system and the influence of the on-ramp on the traffic flow on the main road is studied. The results show that when the entry probability of the on-ramp is small, the upstream and downstream flow of the main road increases first and then stabilizes, and the saturated flow is 0.883veh/s and 1.072 veh / s, respectively, and the ramp is fully utilized when the on-ramp entry probability is high. The flow of the upstream and downstream of the main road increases first and then remains unchanged. The saturated flow is 0.77veh/s and 1.O1veh / s, respectively, and the capacity of the system decreases by 6.83.The saturated flow of the ramp is less than its probability of entering the vehicle, and when the dynamic speed limit strategy is applied to the vehicle upstream of the main road, It is found that the saturated flow in the upstream of the main road can be greatly increased and the capacity of the road can be improved to a certain extent.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491.4
【參考文獻】
相關期刊論文 前2條
1 王凱;苗英瑞;郭喜蘭;;車道被占用對城市道路通行能力的影響[J];電腦知識與技術;2014年12期
2 王薇;楊兆升;趙丁選;;有限階段馬爾可夫決策的可變限速控制模型[J];交通運輸工程學報;2011年05期
，本文編號：2133927
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/daoluqiaoliang/2133927.html
