【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)社會的快速發(fā)展使得人民生活水平不斷提高,機(jī)動(dòng)車保有量逐年增加,而交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)速度滯后于出行需求的增長速度,致使城市交通擁擠問題突出,交通治理問題面臨"頭痛醫(yī)頭,腳痛醫(yī)腳"的尷尬局面。入口作為福州市三環(huán)路與其他等級道路相互聯(lián)系的交通瓶頸,是城市交通發(fā)生擁擠的重要區(qū)域,該區(qū)域的交通運(yùn)行狀況嚴(yán)重影響福州市三環(huán)路通行效率的發(fā)揮,因此有必要深入研究福州市三環(huán)路入口交通流特性,采用合理、實(shí)用的交通管理與控制技術(shù)來解決城市交通擁擠問題。首先,論文總結(jié)國內(nèi)外對快速路交通流特性及控制技術(shù)的研究成果,分析其主要研究方法;采用交通波理論對入口車輛運(yùn)行特性進(jìn)行定性分析,闡述城市快速路入口匝道控制的原理、采用條件及其主要方法。其次,根據(jù)入口區(qū)域的研究需要確定研究方法,在該方法的指導(dǎo)下,采用無人機(jī)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集獲取大量交通流數(shù)據(jù);基于福州市三環(huán)路入口區(qū)域的交通實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù),分析并繪制各觀測區(qū)域不同車道交通流三參數(shù)時(shí)變特性圖和入口匝道車輛運(yùn)行軌跡圖,從車道的角度分析兩個(gè)不同類型入口各區(qū)域的交通流參數(shù)時(shí)變特性,并對入口匝道車輛運(yùn)行軌跡特性進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明:(1)內(nèi)側(cè)、中間2條車道在流量與密度上呈現(xiàn)出相似的變化規(guī)律,而其流量和密度分布總是大于外側(cè)車道;(2)外側(cè)車道的速度波動(dòng)性變化大于內(nèi)側(cè)、中間2條車道;(3)3個(gè)區(qū)域的交通流基本參數(shù)存在明顯的振蕩特性,而合流區(qū)和下游區(qū)的交通流基本參數(shù)變化規(guī)律表現(xiàn)出一定的相似特征;(4)入口匝道車流匯入對主路各車道的影響大小的順序依次為外側(cè)車道、中間車道、內(nèi)側(cè)車道。最后,從交通沖突、出入口管理的角度出發(fā),提出入口控制技術(shù),即在加速車道與外側(cè)車道之間采用隔離護(hù)欄對福州市三環(huán)路入口進(jìn)行交通控制;并采用VISSIM軟件對入口控制技術(shù)進(jìn)行交通仿真,通過定量對比控制技術(shù)采用前后控制效果,驗(yàn)證入口控制技術(shù)的實(shí)用性與有效性。仿真結(jié)果顯示:地面輔路型入口宜采用50 m長的隔離護(hù)欄,可縮短行程時(shí)間10.22%;立交匝道型入口宜采用45 m長的隔離護(hù)欄,可縮短行程時(shí)間13.41%。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society, the people's living standard is improving, the number of motor vehicles is increasing year by year, and the construction speed of transportation infrastructure lags behind the increasing speed of travel demand, which makes the problem of urban traffic congestion prominent. Traffic management problems are faced with the embarrassing situation of "treating head and foot". As the traffic bottleneck between Fuzhou third Ring Road and other grade roads, entrance is an important area where urban traffic congestion occurs. The traffic condition in this area seriously affects the efficiency of the third Ring Road in Fuzhou. Therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of traffic flow at the entrance of the third Ring Road in Fuzhou City, and adopt reasonable and practical traffic management and control technology to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion. First of all, the paper summarizes the research results of expressway traffic flow characteristics and control technology at home and abroad, analyzes the main research methods, uses the traffic wave theory to qualitatively analyze the traffic characteristics of the entry vehicle. The principle, conditions and main methods of on-ramp control in urban expressway are described. Secondly, according to the research needs of the entrance area, the research method is determined. Under the guidance of this method, the UAV is used to collect a large number of traffic flow data; based on the traffic measurement data of the entrance area of the third Ring Road in Fuzhou, The time-varying characteristics of three parameters of traffic flow in different lanes and the track diagram of on-ramp vehicles in different lanes are analyzed and drawn, and the time-varying characteristics of traffic flow parameters in two different types of entry areas are analyzed from the view of lane. The characteristics of on-ramp vehicle track are analyzed. The results show that: (1) the flow and density of the two middle lanes are similar to those of the inner lane, and the distribution of the flow and density is always larger than that of the outside lane, and (2) the velocity fluctuation of the outside lane is larger than that of the inside lane. (3) the basic parameters of traffic flow in three areas have obvious oscillatory characteristics. The basic parameters of traffic flow in the confluence area and the downstream area show some similar characteristics. (4) the order of the traffic flow confluence on the main road is the outer lane, the middle lane and the inner lane. Finally, from the point of view of traffic conflict and entrance management, this paper puts forward the entrance control technology, that is, the use of isolated guardrail between the acceleration lane and the outside lane to control the entrance of the third Ring Road in Fuzhou; The traffic simulation of entrance control technology is carried out by using VISSIM software, and the practicability and validity of entrance control technology are verified by comparing the control effect before and after the control technology. The simulation results show that it is advisable to use 50 m long isolation guardrail at the entrance of the ground auxiliary road, which can shorten the travel time by 10.22 and 13.41% by using the 45 m long isolation barrier at the ramp entrance of the interchange.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491

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