本文選題：公路隧道 + 鉆爆法　； 參考：《北京科技大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：公路隧道鉆爆法施工是粉塵危害最嚴(yán)重的作業(yè)之一,其各工序產(chǎn)生的原始粉塵濃度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了國家職業(yè)衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求,嚴(yán)重影響了作業(yè)人員的職業(yè)健康與安全。因此,本文針對(duì)當(dāng)前公路隧道鉆爆法施工粉塵濃度高的問題,以京昆高速公路辛莊隧道為例,采用理論分析、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)定、Fluent數(shù)值模擬與實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方法對(duì)其進(jìn)行了研究。 分析了鉆爆法施工隧道內(nèi)粉塵的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理,針對(duì)粉塵在氣流中的受力種類,根據(jù)物理守恒三大定律,推導(dǎo)出了粉塵在隧道內(nèi)的運(yùn)動(dòng)方程,并研究了其求解的數(shù)學(xué)模型。 根據(jù)GBZ/T192.1-2007及相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),設(shè)計(jì)了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)粉塵測(cè)定方案,并對(duì)辛莊隧道風(fēng)流及鉆孔、出渣運(yùn)輸、噴射混凝土等工序粉塵濃度進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)定分析；根據(jù)相似原理,結(jié)合氣固兩相流運(yùn)動(dòng)方程,導(dǎo)出了粉塵運(yùn)動(dòng)的相似準(zhǔn)則數(shù),并進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化從而建立了隧道相似模型,研究了掌子面附近風(fēng)流及粉塵濃度分布情況；基于氣固兩相流理論,結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)與相似模擬數(shù)據(jù),采用FLUENT6.2建立了隧道的幾何模型并劃分了網(wǎng)格,設(shè)定了模擬參數(shù)及邊界條件,對(duì)隧道內(nèi)流場(chǎng)及各工序粉塵的運(yùn)移規(guī)律進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬研究,模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)、相似實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)吻合程度較好；基于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際條件,提出了水炮泥降塵劑與氣水霧化系統(tǒng)綜合降塵的技術(shù)思路。 在分析氣水霧化機(jī)理的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合隧道內(nèi)產(chǎn)塵特點(diǎn),選取了新型氣水霧化噴嘴進(jìn)行霧化效果試驗(yàn),確定了氣水霧化系統(tǒng)的合理工藝參數(shù)及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)布置方案。通過溶液表面張力測(cè)定、粉末正向滲透法以及降氮氧化物毒性的測(cè)定,確定了水炮泥降塵劑的配方,即：基料的質(zhì)量濃度0.3%,表面活性劑的質(zhì)量濃度0.5%,兩種添加劑的質(zhì)量濃度分別為0.1%、0.03%：結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際情況,確定了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的具體制作和填裝方案。 將兩種降塵措施應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際,通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試結(jié)果表明：作業(yè)環(huán)境得到了明顯的改善,各測(cè)點(diǎn)粉塵濃度大大降低了,其中,各工序全塵平均降塵效率達(dá)48%-80%,呼吸性粉塵平均降塵效率達(dá)69%-74%,比現(xiàn)有的通風(fēng)除塵措施有了較大的提高。
[Abstract]:The construction of highway tunnel drilling and blasting is one of the most serious dust hazards. The original dust concentration produced by each working procedure far exceeds the requirements of the national occupational health standards and seriously affects the occupational health and safety of the workers. Therefore, aiming at the problem of high dust concentration in the construction of highway tunnel by drilling and blasting method, this paper takes the Xinzhuang tunnel of Beijing-Kunming Expressway as an example, and adopts theoretical analysis. The fluent numerical simulation and laboratory test were used to study the field data measurement. The mechanism of dust generation in tunnel by drilling and blasting method is analyzed. According to the three laws of physical conservation, the equation of dust movement in tunnel is deduced, and the mathematical model of its solution is studied. According to GBZ / T192.1-2007 and related documents, the paper designs a scheme for the determination of dust in the field, and analyzes the dust concentration in the working processes of Xinzhuang tunnel, such as air flow and drilling, slag transportation, shotcrete, etc., according to the principle of similarity, Combined with the equation of motion of gas-solid two-phase flow, the similarity criterion number of dust movement is derived, and the similar model of tunnel is established, and the distribution of wind flow and dust concentration near the palm is studied, based on the theory of gas-solid two-phase flow, Combined with the field and similar simulation data, the geometric model of tunnel was established by fluent 6.2, and the simulation parameters and boundary conditions were set up. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured data, and based on the field conditions, the technical idea of integrated dust control of water gun mud dedusting agent and gas-water atomization system is put forward. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of gas-water atomization and combined with the characteristics of dust production in the tunnel, a new type of atomizing nozzle was selected to test the atomization effect, and the reasonable technological parameters and site layout of the air-water atomizing system were determined. The formula of water gun mud dedusting agent was determined by measuring the surface tension of solution, the method of powder forward permeation and the determination of the toxicity of nitrogen oxide. That is: the mass concentration of the base material is 0.3, the mass concentration of the surfactant is 0.5 and the mass concentration of the two additives is 0.1 / 0.03 respectively. The results of field test show that the working environment has been obviously improved, and the dust concentration at each measuring point has been greatly reduced, among which, The average dedusting efficiency of every working procedure is 48-80 and that of breathing dust is 69-74, which is much higher than that of the existing ventilation and dust removal measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U455.41

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