駕駛?cè)私箲]狀態(tài)下的應(yīng)激操作行為研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-23 22:49
本文選題：應(yīng)激操作 + 焦慮情緒駕駛?cè)?/strong>��； 參考：《北京建筑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文
【摘要】：隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,私家車數(shù)量的激增,道路擁擠現(xiàn)象越來越嚴(yán)重,再加上工作、生活中的壓力,駕駛?cè)送鶗虼水a(chǎn)生一些焦慮情緒。該不良情緒在駕駛過程中積累到一定程度,容易誘發(fā)嚴(yán)重的交通事故,因此對焦慮情緒的駕駛?cè)说膽?yīng)激操作行為進(jìn)行研究,顯得格外重要。本文根據(jù)駕駛?cè)私箲]程度的不同,將實(shí)驗(yàn)中的駕駛?cè)藙澐譃楦呓箲]組、低焦慮組,對兩組駕駛?cè)说牟僮鲾?shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對比分析,探求高焦慮情緒駕駛?cè)笋{駛行為模式特點(diǎn),以期在把握兩者操作共性的前提下,用合理的方法,促進(jìn)其駕駛安全性快速、穩(wěn)定地提高。本文從以下幾個方面展開研究。首先,設(shè)計(jì)評價(jià)量表以測試駕駛?cè)怂帬顟B(tài)。根據(jù)我國駕駛文化的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)了適合駕駛?cè)颂刭|(zhì)焦慮自評量表、駕駛技能自評量表、危險(xiǎn)駕駛行為自評量表和壓力情緒自評量表以評價(jià)駕駛?cè)说鸟{駛狀態(tài)。前期抽樣調(diào)查了152名駕駛?cè)?對問卷進(jìn)行信效度分析,確保量表有較好的穩(wěn)定性和內(nèi)部一致性。統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)兩組駕駛?cè)嗽隈{駛技能量表的“違規(guī)操作”、“運(yùn)動感知”和“判斷決策”3個因子均存在顯著性差異;在危險(xiǎn)駕駛行為量表的“駕駛侵略”這一因子上存在顯著差異,這表明兩類駕駛?cè)藢︸{駛行為的自我認(rèn)識是有差別的。從統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果來看高焦慮組駕駛?cè)瞬涣捡{駛習(xí)慣更多,缺乏對危險(xiǎn)的有效感知,容易產(chǎn)生危險(xiǎn)操作。其次,開展人因工程實(shí)驗(yàn),證實(shí)高焦慮駕駛?cè)耸欠裼凶⒁馄虻牟町�。包括注意分配、注意廣度、注意力集中能力、視覺反應(yīng)能力和空間知覺能力測試,根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)測試數(shù)據(jù),采用獨(dú)立樣本T檢驗(yàn)來驗(yàn)證兩者的差異性,探究高焦慮組駕駛?cè)说淖⒁馄蛱攸c(diǎn),兩組駕駛?cè)说牟町愋詸z驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明注意分配的測試結(jié)果有較大不同,其他測試結(jié)果不存在差別。最后,開展駕駛模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)探究應(yīng)激操作的特性。基于UC-winroad軟件搭建的應(yīng)激場景和駕駛模擬器的高精度操控,結(jié)合眼動儀和多通道生理記錄儀,對通過主客觀評價(jià)指標(biāo)的52名焦慮程度不同的駕駛?cè)?進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),收集數(shù)據(jù),對他們的應(yīng)激操作能力進(jìn)行評估。結(jié)果表明:在駕駛特性方面,高焦慮組駕駛?cè)说姆磻?yīng)時(shí)間要高于低焦慮組0.059s,轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)波動幅度較大,踩踏制動踏板和油門踏板時(shí)力度分別高于低焦慮組駕駛?cè)?.053和0.068;在視覺特性方面,高焦慮組駕駛?cè)诉^多的關(guān)注駕駛室,而對前方左側(cè)有所忽略,這是很明顯的一個特點(diǎn);在生理指標(biāo)方面,腦能量參數(shù)表明高焦慮組駕駛?cè)擞懈呔褙?fù)荷,并且心電指標(biāo)MRR上會有5s的滯后。研究結(jié)果對于揭示焦慮情緒駕駛?cè)说膽?yīng)激操作行為機(jī)理、降低該群體的交通事故發(fā)生率,具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the development of our country's social economy, the increase of the number of private cars, the phenomenon of road congestion is becoming more and more serious, plus the pressure of work and life, the driver will often produce some anxiety. The bad emotion accumulates to a certain extent in the driving process, and it is easy to induce serious traffic accident. Therefore, it is very important to study the stress behavior of the anxious driver. According to the different degree of anxiety of the driver, the driver in the experiment is divided into high anxiety group and low anxiety group. The operating data of the two groups are compared and analyzed, and the characteristics of driving behavior pattern of the driver with high anxiety are explored. In order to grasp the common operation of the two under the premise of reasonable methods to promote its driving safety quickly and stably improve. This article starts the research from the following several aspects. First, a rating scale is designed to test the driver's condition. According to the characteristics of driving culture in China, a self-rating scale for trait anxiety, a self-rating scale for driving skills, a self-rating scale for dangerous driving behavior and a self-rating scale for stress and emotion were designed to evaluate the driving status of the driver. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were analyzed to ensure the stability and internal consistency of the questionnaire. The statistical results showed that there were significant differences among the three factors of "illegal operation", "motor perception" and "judging decision" in the driving skill scale between the two groups. There is a significant difference in the factor of "driving aggression" in the dangerous driving behavior scale, which indicates that there are differences in the self-understanding of driving behavior between the two types of drivers. From the statistical results, the high anxiety group drivers more bad driving habits, lack of effective perception of risk, easy to produce dangerous operation. Secondly, the human-cause engineering experiment was carried out to confirm the difference of attention bias between high-anxiety drivers. Including attention allocation, attention span, attention ability, visual response ability and spatial perception ability test, using independent sample T test to verify the difference between the two. To explore the characteristics of attention bias of drivers in high anxiety group, the difference test results between the two groups show that the test results of attention allocation are quite different, but there are no differences in other test results. Finally, the driving simulation experiment was carried out to explore the characteristics of stress operation. Based on the stress scene and driving simulator of UC-winroad software, combined with eye movement instrument and multi-channel physiological recorder, 52 drivers with different anxiety degree were tested by subjective and objective evaluation, and the data were collected. Their ability to operate under stress was assessed. The results showed that the response time of the high anxiety group was higher than that of the low anxiety group 0.059 s in driving characteristics. The intensity of trampling brake pedal and throttle pedal was 0.053 and 0.068 respectively when trampling on brake pedal and throttle pedal, in visual characteristic, the driver of high anxiety group paid too much attention to the cab, but neglected to the left side of the front, this is a very obvious characteristic. In terms of physiological parameters, brain energy parameters indicated that drivers in high anxiety group had higher mental load and 5 s lag in MRR. The results are of great theoretical significance and practical value for revealing the mechanism of stress behavior of anxious drivers and reducing the incidence of traffic accidents in this group.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491.254
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