本文選題：高壓管道 + 泄漏��； 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：管道在輸送過程中出現(xiàn)破裂或穿孔等現(xiàn)象,嚴(yán)重威脅到管道輸送的安全性。為了研究高壓管道微泄漏的在線檢測技術(shù),及時準(zhǔn)確地檢測出高壓輸氣管道的微小泄漏故障,避免惡性泄漏事故的發(fā)生,對管道泄漏理論進(jìn)行研究,推導(dǎo)出管道泄漏量計算公式。通過試驗對公式進(jìn)行驗證,結(jié)果表明管道泄漏量的理論計算公式對于管道泄漏量的計算具有一定參考價值。采用計算流體力學(xué)(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法對高壓管道泄漏進(jìn)行了流場仿真計算與分析。對不同泄漏孔徑、不同管道內(nèi)部壓力下高壓管道泄漏的流場進(jìn)行了仿真計算分析,并應(yīng)用質(zhì)量流量理論公式和管道泄漏試驗對CFD仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行了驗證。仿真結(jié)果表明,高壓管道發(fā)生泄漏時泄漏孔內(nèi)存在明顯的湍流擾動現(xiàn)象;當(dāng)泄漏孔徑相同時,泄漏孔內(nèi)外壓差越大,泄漏孔內(nèi)的流場變化越劇烈,湍流擾動現(xiàn)象越明顯;當(dāng)管道內(nèi)外壓差相同時,泄漏孔徑越大,泄漏孔內(nèi)的流場變化越劇烈,湍流擾動現(xiàn)象越明顯。在CFD流場仿真的同時開啟氣動噪聲模型Ffowcs Williams和Hawkings方程進(jìn)行聲場仿真。通過計算對管道泄漏的聲源發(fā)射面進(jìn)行確定,并對管道泄漏超聲波的方向性進(jìn)行研究,對不同管內(nèi)壓力下的聲場進(jìn)行仿真分析。結(jié)果表明,管道發(fā)生泄漏時產(chǎn)生的氣動噪聲是一種寬頻噪聲;離泄漏孔越遠(yuǎn),超聲波聲壓越小;聲壓信號接受點的所處的角度越大,該點所接收到的聲壓信號越小;管道泄漏孔徑相同的情況下隨著管道內(nèi)壓力增加,聲音接收點聲壓信號隨之增大。因此,通過對管道內(nèi)部湍流擾動產(chǎn)生的超聲波進(jìn)行測量,可以檢測出高壓輸氣管道的泄漏故障。
[Abstract]:The safety of pipeline transportation is seriously threatened by such phenomena as rupture or perforation in the course of pipeline transportation. In order to study the on-line detection technology of micro leakage in high pressure pipeline, detect the micro leakage fault of high pressure gas pipeline in time and accurately, and avoid the occurrence of malignant leakage accident, the theory of pipeline leakage is studied. The calculation formula of pipeline leakage is derived. The experimental results show that the theoretical calculation formula of pipeline leakage has some reference value for the calculation of pipeline leakage. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to simulate and analyze the flow field of high pressure pipeline leakage. The flow field of high pressure pipeline with different leakage aperture and internal pressure is simulated and analyzed, and the CFD simulation results are verified by mass flow theory formula and pipeline leakage test. The simulation results show that there is obvious turbulence disturbance in the leak hole when the leakage occurs in high pressure pipeline, and when the leakage aperture is the same, the greater the pressure difference between the leak hole and the outside hole, the more intense the flow field in the leak hole is, and the more obvious the turbulence disturbance phenomenon is. When the pressure difference inside and outside the pipeline is the same, the larger the leak aperture is, the more intense the flow field in the leak hole is and the more obvious the turbulence disturbance is. The aerodynamic noise model Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation are opened simultaneously to simulate the CFD flow field. The acoustic emission surface of pipeline leakage is determined by calculation, and the directivity of ultrasonic wave is studied, and the sound field under different pressure in pipe is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the aerodynamic noise produced by pipeline leakage is a kind of wide-band noise, the ultrasonic sound pressure is smaller as far away from the leak hole, the greater the angle of the receiving point of the sound pressure signal, the smaller the sound pressure signal received at that point. Under the same leakage aperture, the sound pressure signal at the receiving point increases with the increase of the pressure in the pipeline. Therefore, the leakage fault of high pressure gas transmission pipeline can be detected by measuring the ultrasonic wave generated by the turbulence disturbance in the pipeline.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U171

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