本文選題：橋塔 + 自立狀態(tài)　； 參考：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)橋梁建設(shè)水平和建設(shè)質(zhì)量的提升,橋梁的跨越能力也越來(lái)越強(qiáng),橋塔的高度也越來(lái)越高,橋塔的剛度也隨之減小,因此,大跨徑斜拉橋和懸索橋橋塔的抗風(fēng)性能和美學(xué)性能是當(dāng)前值得研究的重要課題之一。在現(xiàn)代大跨徑橋梁的建設(shè)過(guò)程中,橋塔沒(méi)有索和梁體系的約束,很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間處于自立狀態(tài)。在此期間,與橋梁完全建成時(shí)相比,橋塔對(duì)風(fēng)荷載更為敏感,因此,自立狀態(tài)下橋塔風(fēng)致振動(dòng)問(wèn)題是影響設(shè)計(jì)方案和橋塔選型的關(guān)鍵因素之一。低阻尼的鋼橋塔易受橫風(fēng)向的作用,而對(duì)于高度很高的混凝土橋塔同樣存在這一問(wèn)題。混凝土橋塔數(shù)量上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)鋼橋塔,它的開(kāi)裂甚至破壞更是不可逆的,造成的結(jié)果更為嚴(yán)重。同時(shí)對(duì)施工過(guò)程中的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工員和施工機(jī)具的作業(yè)安全性也有很大的影響。本文通過(guò)雙柱式橋塔的風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn),對(duì)比FLUENT模擬結(jié)果,分別得到迎風(fēng)側(cè)單柱、背風(fēng)側(cè)單柱和單柱的三分力系數(shù),根據(jù)結(jié)果選定要研究的風(fēng)向角,在單一變量塔柱間凈距比變化的過(guò)程中,研究塔柱間氣動(dòng)干擾效應(yīng)對(duì)橋塔靜三分力系數(shù)的影響,為橋塔設(shè)計(jì)提供數(shù)據(jù)支持;使用ANSYS通用有限元計(jì)算軟件對(duì)橋塔進(jìn)行了動(dòng)力特性分析,在風(fēng)洞實(shí)驗(yàn)室制作了試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ?模擬風(fēng)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了橋塔氣彈模型風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn),研究了風(fēng)荷載作用下橋塔的動(dòng)力響應(yīng),并收集其他橋塔風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)資料,考慮風(fēng)荷載對(duì)橋塔選型的影響。此外,本文針對(duì)橋塔的風(fēng)致振動(dòng)控制措施進(jìn)行了研究,介紹TLD設(shè)計(jì)流程并通過(guò)試驗(yàn)證明,自立狀態(tài)下施加調(diào)液阻尼器經(jīng)濟(jì)方便,快捷有效,可以為以后同類橋塔TLD設(shè)計(jì)積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)。本文的主要結(jié)論:1)通過(guò)風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),雙柱式橋塔由于氣動(dòng)干擾效應(yīng)的存在會(huì)影響其靜三分力系數(shù),在Fluent數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果中同樣得到驗(yàn)證,歸納出規(guī)律。2)改變塔柱間凈距與塔柱寬度的比值,進(jìn)一步探究塔柱間氣動(dòng)干擾的規(guī)律,得到雙柱式橋塔之間凈距應(yīng)滿足5~6倍或者10倍以上塔柱寬度的設(shè)計(jì)區(qū)間,通過(guò)氣彈模型風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)反面論證結(jié)論。3)針對(duì)前文設(shè)計(jì)區(qū)間之外而出現(xiàn)渦振的橋塔氣彈模型,提出采用TLD這種減振措施,并通過(guò)風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證其可行性。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of bridge construction level and construction quality in our country, the span ability of bridge is becoming stronger and stronger, the height of bridge tower is higher and higher, and the stiffness of bridge tower is also decreasing. The wind resistance and aesthetic performance of long span cable-stayed bridge and suspension bridge tower are one of the important topics worth studying at present. In the process of modern long span bridge construction, the tower has no constraints of cable and beam system, so it is in a state of independence for a long time. During this period, the tower is more sensitive to wind load than when the bridge is completed. Therefore, the wind-induced vibration of the tower under self-supporting condition is one of the key factors affecting the design scheme and the selection of the bridge tower. The steel bridge tower with low damping is easy to be affected by cross wind direction, but this problem also exists for the high height concrete bridge tower. The number of concrete tower is far larger than that of steel bridge tower, and its cracking and even destruction are irreversible, and the result is more serious. At the same time, it also has a great influence on the safety of construction workers and construction tools. Through wind tunnel test of two-column bridge tower and comparing with FLUENT simulation results, the three-point force coefficients of upwind side single column, leeward side single column and single column are obtained, and the wind direction angle to be studied is selected according to the results. In the process of the change of net distance ratio between single variable tower columns, the influence of aerodynamic interference effect on the static three-point force coefficient of bridge tower is studied to provide data support for tower design. The dynamic characteristics of the bridge tower are analyzed by ANSYS finite element calculation software. The test model is made in the wind tunnel laboratory, and the wind tunnel test of the aero-elastic model of the bridge tower is carried out by simulating the wind field. The dynamic response of the tower under the wind load is studied. The wind tunnel test data of other towers are collected and the influence of wind load on tower selection is considered. In addition, in this paper, the wind-induced vibration control measures of bridge tower are studied, and the design flow of TLD is introduced. It is proved that the application of liquid damper in self-supporting state is economical, convenient and efficient. Can accumulate experience for similar tower TLD design in the future. The main conclusion of this paper is: (1) through wind tunnel test, it is found that the static three-point force coefficient of double-column bridge tower will be affected by the existence of aerodynamic interference effect, which is also verified by Fluent numerical simulation results. (2) changing the ratio of the net distance between the towers to the width of the column, and further exploring the laws of the aerodynamic interference between the towers, and obtaining the design interval of the net distance between the twin column bridges that should be 5 or 10 times the width of the tower column. In view of the aero-elastic model of bridge tower which appears vortex vibration outside the previous design section, this paper puts forward the method of adopting TLD to reduce the vibration, and proves its feasibility by wind tunnel test.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U446.1;U441.3

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