本文選題：公共交通 + 靈活型公交微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：在城鎮(zhèn)化和機(jī)動(dòng)化的大背景下,城市交通的供需矛盾日益尖銳,已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)城市發(fā)展中一個(gè)不容回避的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題和迫切問(wèn)題。在這些現(xiàn)實(shí)背景和存在問(wèn)題的逼迫下,優(yōu)先發(fā)展公共交通已經(jīng)成為符合我國(guó)城市和交通發(fā)展的正確戰(zhàn)略之一。截止到目前,我國(guó)部分城市公共交通的發(fā)展雖然取得了不小的成就,然而,城市公共交通的出行分擔(dān)率仍舊處在很低的水平。究其原因,除了與公共交通系統(tǒng)供需不平衡之間的矛盾有關(guān),更重要的原因是在現(xiàn)有的公共交通供給水平下,公共交通系統(tǒng)一體化整合進(jìn)程以及新型服務(wù)系統(tǒng)發(fā)展緩慢,使得已有及新建的多種公共交通方式之間無(wú)法有效銜接,從而引發(fā)城市公共交通的許多通病,嚴(yán)重制約了城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和居民出行環(huán)境。因此論文以常規(guī)公共交通接駁服務(wù)未能覆蓋的盲點(diǎn)區(qū)域出行難問(wèn)題為切入點(diǎn),面向非集聚出行客流(如低密度客流地區(qū)、低運(yùn)輸需求時(shí)段)及特殊需求乘客,以滿(mǎn)足乘客的個(gè)性化、彈性化需求為導(dǎo)向,探討一種新型的貼切于實(shí)施應(yīng)用現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境的城市靈活型公交微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)理論與方法。以期在各類(lèi)公共交通系統(tǒng)之間建立起有效銜接,改善整個(gè)城市公共交通系統(tǒng)的可達(dá)性、提高城市公共交通運(yùn)輸效率,促進(jìn)城市綜合公共交通運(yùn)輸體系的建立。首先,論文從機(jī)理解析層面,對(duì)靈活型公交微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)涵及其功能與特性進(jìn)行界定,闡述靈活型公交微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)及其獲取方法,并給出該新型系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)流程和系統(tǒng)運(yùn)營(yíng)機(jī)理。其次,論文從決策分析層面,就該新型系統(tǒng)的意愿調(diào)查進(jìn)行研究分析,利用統(tǒng)計(jì)分析理論對(duì)研究區(qū)域內(nèi)居民對(duì)該新型系統(tǒng)的接受程度、關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的選擇意愿、可承受的票價(jià)等進(jìn)行研究,并就一些重點(diǎn)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行討論并與國(guó)外類(lèi)似調(diào)查進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。再次,論文從網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化層面,從解析國(guó)內(nèi)路網(wǎng)條件、居民出行特性及公共交通規(guī)劃與運(yùn)營(yíng)實(shí)踐入手,摒棄國(guó)外“矩形服務(wù)區(qū)域,均勻分布需求”的建構(gòu)模式,針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)大多數(shù)城市換乘站點(diǎn)尚未成網(wǎng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況,圍繞換乘樞紐為中心,在其可能的最大乘客吸引半徑之內(nèi)的區(qū)域內(nèi),構(gòu)建以“不規(guī)則服務(wù)區(qū)域、離散非聚集需求”為核心的基礎(chǔ)網(wǎng)絡(luò),以最大化服務(wù)的需求數(shù)量決策目標(biāo),最小化運(yùn)營(yíng)者的運(yùn)營(yíng)成本為輔助決策目標(biāo)的最優(yōu)服務(wù)區(qū)域選擇模型,為該類(lèi)新型系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃運(yùn)營(yíng)提供決策支持。此外,文章還使用實(shí)際案例驗(yàn)證了上述模型與算法的有效性。最后,論文從系統(tǒng)運(yùn)營(yíng)層面,針對(duì)面向換乘站點(diǎn)的靈活型公交微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的特殊需求和運(yùn)營(yíng)特性,在給定乘客需求和車(chē)隊(duì)規(guī)模的條件下,基于圓形的服務(wù)區(qū)域提出了“多車(chē)大區(qū),協(xié)調(diào)調(diào)度”的運(yùn)營(yíng)模式,同時(shí)以綜合考慮出行者(包括最小化乘客等待接駁公交車(chē)時(shí)間與最小化乘客主線(xiàn)公交換乘時(shí)間)與運(yùn)營(yíng)者(最小化車(chē)輛運(yùn)營(yíng)時(shí)間)雙方利益為優(yōu)化目標(biāo),建立了靈活型接駁公交線(xiàn)路優(yōu)化與協(xié)調(diào)調(diào)度同步優(yōu)化模型。最后提出一種基于新型重力模型的啟發(fā)式求解算法,并通過(guò)數(shù)值案例仿真驗(yàn)證了該模型與算法的有效性。論文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)包括：就靈活型公交微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)特性進(jìn)行了深入的探討和剖析,提出了靈活型公交微循環(huán)系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)所需考慮的主要因素和流程；隨后基于國(guó)內(nèi)“小區(qū)型”住宅開(kāi)發(fā)特點(diǎn)、不規(guī)則路網(wǎng)以及支路網(wǎng)不發(fā)達(dá)等現(xiàn)實(shí)條件,分別建立了基于“不規(guī)則服務(wù)區(qū)域、離散非聚集需求”的最優(yōu)服務(wù)區(qū)域選擇模型和基于“多車(chē)大區(qū),協(xié)調(diào)調(diào)度”運(yùn)營(yíng)模式的線(xiàn)路優(yōu)化與協(xié)同調(diào)度模型,構(gòu)建了一套完整的該類(lèi)新型系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)及運(yùn)營(yíng)管理的研究體系。為了能夠更加真實(shí)地反映現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的交通情況,本文構(gòu)筑的該類(lèi)新型系統(tǒng)的協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)營(yíng)調(diào)度模型還有待在后續(xù)的研究工作中進(jìn)行延伸和拓展。此外,開(kāi)發(fā)出一套高效的運(yùn)營(yíng)管理系統(tǒng)也是后續(xù)研究的重要內(nèi)容。
[Abstract]:Under the background of urbanization and motorization, the contradiction between supply and demand of urban traffic is becoming increasingly sharp, and it has become an unavoidable and urgent problem in the development of China's cities. Under these realistic backgrounds and existing problems, the priority of developing public transportation has become the correct strategy to meet the development of cities and traffic in our country. At present, although the development of public transport in some cities in China has made great achievements, however, the sharing rate of urban public transportation is still at a low level. The reason is that it is related to the imbalance between the supply and demand of the public transportation system, and the more important reason is the current level of public transport supply. The integration and integration process of public transportation system and the slow development of new service system make it impossible to effectively connect the existing and new public transport modes, thus causing many common diseases in urban public transportation and seriously restricting the urban economic development and the residents' travel environment. A new type of urban flexible public transport system, which is suitable for the implementation of the actual environment, is set up to meet the individualization of passengers and the demand of flexibility for the problem of travel difficulty in the blind spot area that can be covered by the non agglomeration travel passenger flow (such as low density passenger flow area, low transport demand period) and special demand passengers. In order to establish an effective link between the public transportation systems, improve the accessibility of the whole urban public transportation system, improve the efficiency of urban public transportation and promote the establishment of the urban comprehensive public transport system. Its function and characteristics are defined, the key design parameters and the method of obtaining the flexible public transport microcirculation system are expounded, and the planning and design process and the system operation mechanism of the new system are given. Secondly, the paper studies and analyzes the willingness investigation of the new system from the decision analysis level, and uses the statistical analysis theory to study the research area. The acceptance of the new system, the choice of key parameters, the price of the bearable ticket, and some key issues are discussed and compared with similar surveys abroad. Thirdly, from the network optimization level, the paper analyzes the conditions of the domestic road network, the characteristics of the residents' travel and the planning and operation of the public transportation. In practice, the construction mode of "rectangular service area and uniform distribution demand" is abandoned. In view of the fact that the transfer stations have not yet become a network in most of the cities in China, the construction of "irregular service area, discrete non aggregation demand" is built around the transfer hub as the center and the area where the maximum passenger attraction radius is possible. The core basic network, which aims at maximizing the number of service requirements, minimizes the optimal service area selection model of the operator's operating cost as a subsidiary decision goal, and provides decision support for the planning and operation of the new system. In addition, the effectiveness of the above models and algorithms is verified by the actual cases. Finally, the theory is discussed. From the system operation level, in view of the special needs and operating characteristics of the flexible bus microcirculation system oriented to the transfer station, the operation mode of "multi vehicle large area and coordinated scheduling" is proposed on the basis of the given passenger demand and fleet size, and the traveler (including minimization of passengers) is taken into consideration. At the end of this paper, a new heuristic algorithm based on a new gravity model is proposed, and a new heuristic algorithm based on a new gravity model is proposed. The case simulation validates the effectiveness of the model and the algorithm. The innovation points of the paper include: the system characteristics of the flexible public transport microcirculation system are deeply discussed and analyzed, and the main factors and processes to be considered in the planning and design of the flexible public transport microcirculation system are put forward. The optimal service area selection model based on "irregular service area, discrete non aggregation demand" and line optimization and cooperative scheduling model based on "multi vehicle large area and coordinated scheduling" operation mode are established respectively, and a set of complete set of new system is built. In order to reflect the real world traffic situation more realistically, the coordinated operation and scheduling model of this kind of new system is still to be extended and expanded in the follow-up research work. In addition, the development of a high efficiency operation management system is also a follow-up study. Content.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491.17

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本文編號(hào)：1948323