本文選題：三維激光掃描儀 + 橋梁變形�。� 參考：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：三維激光掃描儀不間斷測(cè)點(diǎn)克服了傳統(tǒng)測(cè)量間斷測(cè)點(diǎn)的缺陷,其測(cè)量速度快,能夠獲取全景三維模型,表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)能力強(qiáng),受環(huán)境干擾小,被廣泛應(yīng)用于建筑建模、文物保護(hù)等領(lǐng)域,目前逐漸從建模向著變形監(jiān)測(cè)方面發(fā)展。三維激光掃描儀可獲取連續(xù)的點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù),在進(jìn)行變形分析時(shí)效果顯著。本論文運(yùn)用三維激光掃描儀對(duì)橋梁變形進(jìn)行探究,主要完成以下工作:(1)由于變形監(jiān)測(cè)需要建立高精度的控制網(wǎng),根據(jù)實(shí)際建立雙大地四邊形和大地四邊形+三角形兩種方案。通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際GPS觀測(cè),內(nèi)業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)處理結(jié)果分析,結(jié)果為大地四邊形+三角形方案精度高于雙大地四邊形,控制網(wǎng)相對(duì)邊長(zhǎng)中誤差達(dá)到四等GPS控制網(wǎng)精度。(2)三維激光掃描儀精度影響因素較多:分辨率、掃描距離。首先進(jìn)行掃描儀分辨率探究。對(duì)三種分辨率進(jìn)行研究:0.0384°(垂)×0.0128°(水);0.0192°×0.0192°;0.0192°×0.0096°,掃描時(shí)間分別為9、13、26min,分辨率越大時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)。數(shù)據(jù)處理發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著分辨率增大,點(diǎn)云間隔減小、數(shù)量增多,掃描效果提高,但是實(shí)際中應(yīng)根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行選擇,本論文試驗(yàn)選擇分辨率0.0192°×0.0192°進(jìn)行掃描。接著對(duì)布設(shè)的監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)測(cè)距分析。在同一測(cè)站,設(shè)置13min分辨率掃描三次,提取不同距離下三維激光掃描儀獲取的監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)坐標(biāo),計(jì)算點(diǎn)位中誤差,得到距離與中誤差之間存在二次多項(xiàng)關(guān)系式。在40m范圍內(nèi),點(diǎn)位中誤差低于12mm,達(dá)到四等變形監(jiān)測(cè)精度。(3)三維激光掃描儀進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)產(chǎn)生多種誤差,數(shù)據(jù)處理產(chǎn)生的誤差主要有坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換誤差及拼接誤差,根據(jù)誤差來(lái)源不同,提出更高精度的匹配模型及削弱措施。(4)分析橋梁變形需有周期性,前后進(jìn)行三期監(jiān)測(cè)。當(dāng)荷載作用,變形狀況較為復(fù)雜,主要分析豎向即Z值的變化。第一期與第二期由于荷載較為接近,結(jié)果也比較相近;第一期與第三期、第二期與第三期相比,明顯可以看出隨著荷載增大,變形量也加大。同樣橋墩變形也可以看出,荷載增大,變形值也增大。本次試驗(yàn)探究了三維激光掃描技術(shù)在橋梁變形監(jiān)測(cè)中的應(yīng)用研究,為三維激光掃描儀今后在橋梁變形監(jiān)測(cè)方面提供參考和借鑒。
[Abstract]:The 3D laser scanner overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional measurement of the discontinuous point, its measuring speed is fast, it can obtain the panoramic 3D model, the ability of expressing details is strong, and it is less interfered by the environment, so it is widely used in architectural modeling. At present, the field of cultural relic protection is gradually developing from modeling to deformation monitoring. The 3D laser scanner can obtain continuous point cloud data, and it is effective in deformation analysis. In this paper, a 3D laser scanner is used to study the deformation of the bridge. The following work is accomplished: 1) since deformation monitoring needs to establish a high-precision control network, two schemes of bi-geodetic quadrilateral and geodetic quadrilateral triangle are established according to the actual situation. Through the field GPS observation and the analysis of the data processing results, the result shows that the precision of the geodetic quadrilateral triangle scheme is higher than that of the dual geodetic quadrangle. There are many factors affecting the accuracy of 3D laser scanner: resolution, scanning distance. First, the resolution of the scanner is explored. The three kinds of resolutions are studied. The resolution is 0.0384 擄(vertical) 脳 0.0128 擄(water) 0.0192 擄脳 0.0192 擄(0.0192 擄脳 0.0096 擄). The scanning time is 9 ~ 1313 ~ (26) min, and the longer the resolution is, the longer the resolution is. Data processing shows that with the increase of resolution, the number of cloud points decreases, the number increases, and the scanning effect is improved. However, the selection should be made according to the need in practice. In this paper, the resolution of 0.0192 擄脳 0.0192 擄is chosen to scan. Then the location of the monitoring points is analyzed. In the same station, 13min resolution scanning is set three times, the coordinates of monitoring points obtained by 3D laser scanner at different distances are extracted, the center error of points is calculated, and the quadratic multiple relation between distance and center error is obtained. In the range of 40m, the center error of point position is less than 12mm, which reaches the accuracy of fourth grade deformation monitoring. The 3D laser scanner produces many kinds of errors. The errors produced by data processing mainly include coordinate conversion error and splicing error, according to the error sources, the error is different. A more accurate matching model and its weakening measures are put forward. The analysis of bridge deformation needs periodicity and three phases of monitoring before and after. When the load action, the deformation condition is more complex, mainly analyzes the vertical direction, namely Z value change. The results of the first phase and the second phase are similar because of the close load, and the first and the third phase, the second phase and the third phase, obviously show that the deformation increases with the increase of the load. The same pier deformation can also be seen, load increases, deformation value also increases. This experiment explores the application of 3D laser scanning technology in bridge deformation monitoring and provides reference for 3D laser scanner in bridge deformation monitoring in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U446

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