本文選題：讓壓錨桿 + 深埋軟巖隧洞��； 參考：《山東科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：煤礦巷道、引水隧洞等大埋深的地下洞室經(jīng)常穿過(guò)軟弱巖體,錨桿支護(hù)作為巖土、礦山領(lǐng)域最為常用的技術(shù)手段,能夠有效地提高軟巖穩(wěn)定性。傳統(tǒng)錨桿變形量小,不能適應(yīng)隧洞軟弱圍巖的大變形,讓壓錨桿的出現(xiàn)有效地解決了這一問(wèn)題。本文基于前人研發(fā)的新型讓壓錨桿,運(yùn)用FLAC3D模擬了讓壓錨桿與普通錨桿的拉拔試驗(yàn),錨桿受到拉拔作用時(shí),錨桿端頭位置軸力最大,沿著桿體向里端逐漸減小,讓壓錨桿減小的幅度比普通錨桿大;隨著拉拔力的增加,錨桿的軸力相應(yīng)增大,讓壓錨桿增大的速度比普通錨桿小。對(duì)比前人進(jìn)行的室內(nèi)與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)拉拔試驗(yàn),證明了采用FLAC3D模擬讓壓錨桿拉拔試驗(yàn)與實(shí)際相符,并且驗(yàn)證了模擬錨桿桿體抗剪性能的可行性。對(duì)比分析了普通錨桿和讓壓錨桿在軟巖隧洞中的支護(hù)效應(yīng),相比于普通錨桿,讓壓錨桿達(dá)到屈服強(qiáng)度的速度更慢,達(dá)到屈服強(qiáng)度后維持的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)。普通錨桿最大承力的中間位置容易被拉斷,軸力呈“沙漏狀”分布,讓壓錨桿在達(dá)到屈服強(qiáng)度后,能維持較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,軸力呈“紡錘狀”分布。并且得出6 m讓壓錨桿的彈性讓壓距離為70.54 mm,塑性讓壓距離為130.65 mm。以“引漢濟(jì)渭”工程秦嶺深埋軟巖隧洞為工程背景,以完成TBM掘進(jìn)機(jī)卡停后的脫困工作為工程目標(biāo),基于室內(nèi)巖石力學(xué)試驗(yàn)對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工程巖體的參數(shù)進(jìn)行了估算,根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果,通過(guò)反分析法確定了圍巖參數(shù);采用FLAC3D對(duì)秦嶺深埋隧洞脫困段的支護(hù)進(jìn)行模擬,發(fā)現(xiàn)普通錨桿容易發(fā)生破斷失效,而由于讓壓組件的大延伸率,讓壓錨桿能夠適應(yīng)圍巖的變形,不容易發(fā)生破斷,較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間起到支護(hù)作用,從而達(dá)到控制圍巖變形的效果。針對(duì)秦嶺深埋隧洞TBM卡機(jī)段的脫困工作,在脫困段的支護(hù)采用讓壓錨桿,脫困之后的正常段支護(hù)采用普通錨桿,該方案的數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果基本一致。后期工程實(shí)踐證明,這一方案的實(shí)施能夠有效輔助解決TBM卡機(jī)問(wèn)題,順利完成脫困。
[Abstract]:Underground caverns with large buried depth, such as coal roadway and diversion tunnel, often pass through weak rock mass. As rock and soil, bolt support is the most commonly used technical means in mining field, which can effectively improve the stability of soft rock. Because of the small deformation of the traditional bolt, it can not adapt to the large deformation of the weak surrounding rock of the tunnel, so the emergence of the pressure-bolt can effectively solve this problem. In this paper, based on the new type of pressure-release anchor developed by predecessors, FLAC3D is used to simulate the pull-out test. When the anchor rod is pulled out, the axial force at the end of the bolt is the largest, and gradually decreases along the inside end of the bolt body. With the increase of drawing force, the axial force of the bolt increases and the speed of the increase of the compression bolt is smaller than that of the common anchor. Compared with the indoor and field drawing tests carried out by the predecessors, it is proved that the FLAC3D simulation is in accordance with the actual conditions, and the feasibility of simulating the shearing performance of the bolt body is verified. The supporting effect of common bolt and concession bolt in soft rock tunnel is analyzed. Compared with common bolt, the speed of reaching yield strength is slower and the time of maintaining after reaching yield strength is longer. The middle position of the maximum bearing force of common anchor is easily broken, and the axial force is "hourglass" distribution. The axial force can be maintained for a long time and the axial force is "spindle-shaped" distribution after reaching yield strength. The results show that the elastic pressure distance is 70.54 mm and the plastic pressure distance is 130.65 mm. Based on the engineering background of Qinling deep buried soft rock tunnel in the project of "diversion from Han to Jiwei", and taking the work of extricating the TBM roadheader after stopping as the engineering objective, the parameters of the field engineering rock mass are estimated based on the indoor rock mechanics test. According to the field measured results, the parameters of surrounding rock are determined by inverse analysis, and the support of deep buried tunnel in Qinling is simulated by FLAC3D. It is found that the common bolt is prone to break and failure, and because of the large elongation of the compressing module, So that the pressure bolt can adapt to the deformation of surrounding rock, it is not easy to break, and play a supporting role for a long time, thus the effect of controlling the deformation of surrounding rock can be achieved. In view of the relief work of the TBM clamping section of the deep buried tunnel in the Qinling Mountains, the abutment bolt is used in the support of the relief section, and the ordinary anchor rod is used in the normal section after the release. The numerical simulation results of the scheme are basically consistent with the measured results. Later engineering practice shows that the implementation of this scheme can effectively solve the problem of TBM card machine and successfully finish the problem of getting rid of difficulties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U455.71

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