發(fā)布時間：2018-05-18 02:22

  本文選題：速度 + 視錯覺�。� 參考：《重慶交通大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國道路交通事業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,公路通車里程不斷增長,道路交通事故頻繁發(fā)生,人的因素是引起交通事故的主要因素。根據(jù)有關研究資料表明,將近90%事故是由機動車駕駛人和行人造成的。分析駕駛行為可以發(fā)現(xiàn),超速行駛是引起事故發(fā)生和使得事故嚴重程度增大的一個非常重要因素。因此,應該在事故多發(fā)路段設置有效的速度控制設施,降低車輛運行速度,從根本上減少由超速引發(fā)的事故,以提升道路交通安全水平。目前在我國應用比較廣泛的控速設施有限速標志和各類強制性控速設施,這些減速設施有的限速效果較差,有的盡管能收到較好減速效果,但對行車舒適性影響較大,可能會影響車輛運行穩(wěn)定性,且噪音大,工程造價高。利用人眼視錯覺原理設計的減速標線,基于駕駛員心理特點,主動誘導駕駛員降低車速,控速效果較好,且具有造價低、壽命長、不降低行車舒適性、不產(chǎn)生噪音等優(yōu)點,在國內外得到了廣泛應用。但由于缺乏相應的規(guī)范或指南進行指導,現(xiàn)階段往往憑經(jīng)驗設計施劃視錯覺減速標線,導致其在使用中出現(xiàn)了一些問題。本研究通過深入探究相關領域資料和研究成果,分析駕駛員的動態(tài)視覺特性及心理特性及其影響因素,在此基礎上,首先提出一種新型的視錯覺減速標線設計理念,并依據(jù)影響駕駛員速度感知和視覺信息的因素對其主要設計參數(shù)進行設計,并初步組合出11組不同參數(shù)的組合方案。為了保證實驗時減速效果評價的可信度,并減少實際道路實驗時不必要的工作量,首先選擇20名被試駕駛員在仿真平臺上對這些方案的效果進行仿真實驗,從中選擇出被試駕駛員認為減速效果較好的3組進行實際道路實驗。本文共選擇6名資深駕駛員,對優(yōu)選的減速標線方案進行實際道路試驗,試驗過程中應用動態(tài)生理檢測儀器采集駕駛員行車過程中的心率數(shù)據(jù),并記錄行車速度數(shù)據(jù)。以數(shù)理統(tǒng)計和數(shù)學建模等理論方法為基礎,對位置與速度進行分析,驗證減速標線的控速有效性,對位置與心率增長率進行分析,驗證減速標線的控速安全性,并最終選擇出最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合的標線形式。研究成果可為道路管理和設施設計部門提供一定理論依據(jù)及參考。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of road traffic in our country, the mileage of highway traffic is increasing, and road traffic accidents occur frequently. The human factor is the main factor causing traffic accidents. According to research data, nearly 90% of accidents are caused by motor vehicle drivers and pedestrians. By analyzing the driving behavior, it is found that speeding is a very important factor to cause accidents and increase the severity of accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to set up effective speed control facilities to reduce the speed of vehicles and to reduce accidents caused by speeding in order to improve the level of road traffic safety. At present, the speed control facilities which are widely used in our country have speed limit signs and various kinds of compulsory speed control facilities. Some of these deceleration facilities have poor speed limit effect, and some have a great impact on driving comfort, although they can receive better deceleration effect. May affect the stability of the vehicle operation, and noise, high engineering cost. Based on the psychological characteristics of the driver, the deceleration line designed by the principle of human visual illusion can actively induce the driver to reduce the speed, which has the advantages of low cost, long service life, no reduction of driving comfort, no noise, and so on. It has been widely used at home and abroad. However, due to the lack of relevant norms or guidelines for guidance, at the present stage, it is often based on experience to design the deceleration line of optical illusion, which leads to some problems in its use. In this study, the dynamic visual and psychological characteristics of drivers and their influencing factors are analyzed by deeply exploring the relevant field data and research results. On the basis of this, a new concept of optical illusion deceleration line design is put forward. The main design parameters are designed according to the factors that affect the driver's speed perception and visual information, and 11 groups of different parameter combination schemes are preliminarily combined. In order to ensure the reliability of the evaluation of the deceleration effect in the experiment and reduce the unnecessary workload in the actual road experiment, 20 drivers were selected to carry out the simulation experiments on the simulation platform. Three groups of drivers who thought the deceleration effect were better were selected to carry out the actual road experiments. In this paper, a total of 6 senior drivers are selected to carry out practical road tests on the selected deceleration line scheme. In the course of the test, the heart rate data of drivers are collected by using dynamic physiological testing instruments, and the driving speed data are recorded. On the basis of mathematical statistics and mathematical modeling and other theoretical methods, this paper analyzes the position and velocity, verifies the effectiveness of the speed control of the deceleration line, analyzes the position and the rate of growth of heart rate, and verifies the safety of the speed control of the deceleration line. Finally, the marking form of the optimal parameter combination is selected. The research results can provide certain theoretical basis and reference for road management and facility design department.
【學位授予單位】：重慶交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.52

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前1條

1 張殿業(yè);駕駛員動態(tài)視野與行車安全可靠度[J];西南交通大學學報;2000年03期

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 袁偉;城市道路環(huán)境中汽車駕駛員動態(tài)視覺特性試驗研究[D];長安大學;2008年

，

本文編號：1903955