本文選題：乙烯基共聚物 + 乙烯辛烯共聚物��； 參考：《上海應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：石油瀝青是原油經(jīng)多級(jí)精餾之后的殘?jiān)?是由不同分子量的長(zhǎng)鏈烷烴及多種非金屬化合物組成的黑色粘稠混合物,由于其優(yōu)異的粘結(jié)性能和防水性,被廣泛應(yīng)用于路面結(jié)構(gòu)膠結(jié)材料。但由于石油瀝青是一種粘彈性材料,其在高溫粘度較低易流淌,低溫固化后易脆裂,溫度敏感性強(qiáng),難以滿足道路鋪設(shè)要求,因此未經(jīng)改性的基質(zhì)瀝青難以應(yīng)用于道路鋪裝。對(duì)石油瀝青的改性研究一直是近年來眾多道路科研工作者研究的熱門。本文通過總結(jié)聚乙烯改性瀝青在高溫條件下貯存穩(wěn)定下差的缺點(diǎn),期望能夠探索一種新型聚合物對(duì)瀝青進(jìn)行改性處理,使其不僅能夠具備聚乙烯改性瀝青的優(yōu)秀的高溫性能,還能夠在貯存穩(wěn)定性方面有所提高,提出了采用乙烯基共聚物改性瀝青的設(shè)想。乙烯基共聚物是指指由乙烯與其他單體共聚所得聚合物的總稱,其主鏈上存在乙烯鏈結(jié)與其他單體鏈結(jié),因此聚合物本身既存在良好的彈性,又有其他聚合物單體提供的新特性。本文采用了兩種乙烯基共聚物——乙烯辛烯共聚物(POE)和乙烯丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)對(duì)基質(zhì)瀝青進(jìn)行改性,通過控制改性劑的不同添加比來探索改性劑的最佳加入比,同時(shí)通過改性瀝青常規(guī)性能測(cè)定評(píng)價(jià)了改性瀝青的高溫性能和粘度和韌性；通過顯微形貌觀察分析了改性劑加入后在基質(zhì)瀝青當(dāng)中的分散狀態(tài),確定了改性劑的適合的加入比；使用動(dòng)態(tài)剪切流變儀(DSR)測(cè)定了改性瀝青的流變特性。由于EAA中的丙烯酸鏈結(jié)含有羧基,可能提高與弱堿性的集料顆粒間的粘附力。通過黏附性實(shí)驗(yàn)評(píng)價(jià)了EAA改性瀝青同集料之間的黏附性。研究結(jié)果表明：乙烯基共聚物的加入能夠有效提高改性瀝青的高溫性能,針入度和粘度也隨之增加；顯微形貌觀察表明,當(dāng)改性劑添加量較少(4%)時(shí),改性劑在瀝青中能夠呈“海-島”結(jié)構(gòu)均勻分散,當(dāng)聚合物添加量較高時(shí)(6%)聚合物顆粒彼此碰撞結(jié)合,最終形成復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),改性瀝青呈現(xiàn)相分離狀態(tài),導(dǎo)致了高溫貯存時(shí)的離析的發(fā)生。流變性能分析表明,聚合物加入瀝青中后能夠有效提高基質(zhì)瀝青的粘彈性,原因是基質(zhì)瀝青在高溫下逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榕ｎD流體,聚合物以其粘彈性較好的高分子鏈補(bǔ)足了基質(zhì)瀝青喪失的粘彈性,使得改性瀝青在高溫下仍能表現(xiàn)出較好的粘彈性。通過EAA改性瀝青同集料顆粒之間的黏附性研究表明隨著EAA含量的增加,改性瀝青同集料之間的黏附性增加。由于單純以EAA或POE對(duì)瀝青進(jìn)行改性,其穩(wěn)定性和性能仍未達(dá)到使用要求,因此在論文的最后,本文還通過采用溶解包覆的工藝制備了EAA-硅藻土包覆體系,并將之添加入基質(zhì)瀝青對(duì)瀝青進(jìn)行改性實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過向改性體系中加入多孔結(jié)構(gòu)的硅藻土,期望能夠以復(fù)配的方式發(fā)揮兩者的改性效果,同時(shí)降低改性劑成本。研究結(jié)果表明：隨著包裹產(chǎn)物中硅藻土含量增加,硅藻土逐漸暴露在EAA基質(zhì)表面。當(dāng)添加入基質(zhì)瀝青中后,改性瀝青高溫性能、粘彈性及韌性都有所增加。顯微觀察結(jié)果表明,隨著硅藻土含量增加,包裹產(chǎn)物中的硅藻土逐漸從EAA基質(zhì)中脫附出來,通過高速剪切分散作用進(jìn)入到基質(zhì)瀝青當(dāng)中,導(dǎo)致了改性瀝青性能的突變。貯存穩(wěn)定性實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,隨著包覆產(chǎn)物中硅藻土含量的增加,改性瀝青高溫貯存過程中會(huì)發(fā)生明顯的分層,其中EAA上浮于上層,硅藻土在底部沉積,導(dǎo)致上下部軟化點(diǎn)差增加。盡管乙烯基共聚物改性瀝青在性能方面還不能滿足現(xiàn)階段對(duì)改性瀝青的使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,但這類新興的彈性體在改性瀝青方面具有巨大的潛力,新的共混分散方法、對(duì)聚合物進(jìn)行接枝改性或與其他改性劑復(fù)配進(jìn)行改性等新方法和新工藝具有較高的研究?jī)r(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Petroleum bitumen is a residue after multistage distillation of crude oil. It is a black viscous mixture consisting of long chain alkanes and a variety of nonmetallic compounds with different molecular weights. Due to its excellent adhesive properties and waterproof properties, it is widely used in pavement structure cementation material. But as petroleum asphalt is a kind of viscoelastic material, its viscosity is relatively high at high temperature. It is easy to flow, brittle cracking after low temperature curing and strong temperature sensitivity. It is difficult to meet the requirements of road laying. Therefore, the unmodified matrix asphalt is difficult to apply to road pavement. The research on the modification of petroleum asphalt has been a hot topic for many road researchers in recent years. This paper summarizes polyethylene modified bitumen in high temperature conditions. It is expected to be able to explore a new type of polymer to modify asphalt, so that it can not only have excellent high temperature properties of polyethylene modified bitumen, but also improve the storage stability, and put forward the idea of using vinyl copolymer modified asphalt. The total polymer obtained by copolymerization of alkenes with other monomers has a chain of ethylene chain and other monomers on its main chain, so the polymer itself has both good elasticity and new properties provided by other polymer monomers. In this paper, two vinyl copolymers, ethylene octyl copolymer (POE) and ethylene acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) were used in this paper. The matrix asphalt was modified to explore the optimum addition ratio of the modifier by controlling the different addition ratio of the modifier. At the same time, the high temperature performance, viscosity and toughness of the modified bitumen were evaluated by the conventional performance measurement of the modified asphalt. The dispersion state of the modifier in the matrix bitumen after adding the modifier was observed and analyzed by the microscopic morphology. The suitable addition ratio of the modifier; the rheological properties of modified bitumen were measured by using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). As the acrylic chain in EAA contains carboxyl groups, it may increase the adhesion between the aggregate particles and the weakly alkaline. The adhesion between the EAA modified asphalt and the aggregate is evaluated by the adhesion test. The addition of allyl copolymers can effectively improve the high temperature performance of the modified asphalt and increase the penetration and viscosity. The microstructure observation shows that when the modifier is less (4%), the modifier can be distributed uniformly in the "Sea Island" structure in the asphalt. When the polymer addition is higher (6%), the polymer particles are collided with each other. At the end of the complex network structure, the modified asphalt presents a phase separation state, which leads to the segregation of the high temperature storage. The rheological analysis shows that the polymer can effectively improve the viscoelasticity of the matrix bitumen after the polymer is added to the asphalt. The reason is that the matrix bitumen gradually turns into Newton fluid at high temperature, and the polymer has better viscoelasticity. The polymer chain complements the viscoelasticity of the matrix bitumen, which makes the modified asphalt exhibit better viscoelasticity at high temperature. The adhesion between the EAA modified asphalt and the aggregate particles shows that the adhesion between the modified asphalt and the aggregate increases with the increase of the content of the EAA. The modified asphalt is modified solely with EAA or POE, At the end of the paper, the EAA- diatomite cladding system was prepared by using the dissolving coating process and added into the matrix bitumen to modify the asphalt. By adding the porous diatomite to the modified system, it was expected to be able to play a compound method. The results show that with the increase of Diatomite Content in the package products, the diatomite gradually exposed to the surface of EAA matrix. When adding matrix bitumen, the high temperature performance, viscoelasticity and toughness of the modified asphalt increased. The results showed that the content of diatomite increased as the content of diatomite increased. The diatomite in the package product is gradually removed from the EAA matrix and enters into the matrix bitumen by high-speed shearing dispersion, which leads to the mutation of the properties of the modified bitumen. The storage stability experiment shows that with the increase of the content of diatomite in the coating products, there will be obvious stratification during the high temperature storage process of the modified asphalt, of which EAA In the upper layer, the diatomite is deposited at the bottom, which leads to the increase of the softening point in the upper and lower parts. Although the performance of the vinyl copolymer modified bitumen can not meet the current standard requirements for the use of modified bitumen, the new elastomers have great potential in the modified asphalt. Grafting modification or modification with other modifiers has high research value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U414

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