本文選題：浮動側(cè)掃式吃水檢測 + 壓電換能器��； 參考：《大連海事大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：吃水檢測作為三峽升船機(jī)船舶安全高效通航的關(guān)鍵因素,依賴于實(shí)時(shí)高效的船舶吃水檢測系統(tǒng)�，F(xiàn)有的船舶吃水檢測系統(tǒng)有兩種:一種是基于超聲波的仰掃式船舶吃水檢測系統(tǒng);另一種是基于超聲波的側(cè)掃式船舶吃水檢測系統(tǒng)。以上兩種吃水檢測系統(tǒng)的檢測裝置都采用固定安裝方式,由于升船機(jī)引航道水位上下變化較大,不僅安裝檢修不便,而且影響系統(tǒng)吃水檢測范圍。為克服現(xiàn)有吃水檢測方法存在的弊端,本文設(shè)計(jì)了浮動側(cè)掃式船舶吃水檢測系統(tǒng)。論文主要工作如下:首先構(gòu)建球面波聲場輻射模型,并分析聲波水下傳播特性。然后在研究了超聲波換能器原理基礎(chǔ)上,依據(jù)超聲波發(fā)射換能器參數(shù),得出了換能器在諧振狀態(tài)下最佳匹配阻抗的計(jì)算方法。還詳細(xì)分析了三電壓法測換能器頻帶寬度的方法。論文設(shè)計(jì)的浮動側(cè)掃式船舶吃水檢測系統(tǒng),通過將多個(gè)超聲波發(fā)射陣列互成角度安裝在浮體船上,以適應(yīng)寬范圍的船舶吃水檢測。論文重點(diǎn)介紹了系統(tǒng)工作原理及模塊設(shè)計(jì)。模塊設(shè)計(jì)具體包括:發(fā)射調(diào)制模塊采用對連續(xù)互補(bǔ)脈沖信號進(jìn)行功放的方法,驅(qū)動換能器發(fā)射聲波;為消除單頻發(fā)射及多途效應(yīng)對接收模塊的影響,使能模塊采用短時(shí)時(shí)分復(fù)用方式控制發(fā)射調(diào)制模塊發(fā)射聲波;接收模塊將微弱超聲波信號放大解調(diào)成直流信號;數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊采用均值濾波方法消除數(shù)據(jù)采集過程中引入的二次噪聲;數(shù)據(jù)融合模塊負(fù)責(zé)將多路聲波數(shù)據(jù)及水位信息融合成一幀數(shù)據(jù);數(shù)據(jù)傳輸模塊將數(shù)據(jù)通過光纖及RS485傳給數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件模塊;數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件模塊采用基于超聲波幅值強(qiáng)度的濾波、標(biāo)記化處理、幅值細(xì)分等相關(guān)算法,得到船舶吃水值。為了消除超聲波陣列通道間多途干擾,論文還提出了采用頻域特征識別法解調(diào)超聲波信號,硬件上采用低噪、寬頻帶運(yùn)放對微弱超聲波信號進(jìn)行放大,放大后的信號經(jīng)采集后,通過FFT變換得到的幅度譜對超聲波信號進(jìn)行識別提取。經(jīng)過實(shí)驗(yàn)室和現(xiàn)場等不同實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境的大量實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,該系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)方案可行,吃水測量精度滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求,為后期系統(tǒng)進(jìn)一步完善和提高打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:As the key factor for the safe and efficient navigation of the ships of the Three Gorges ship lifting machine, the water test depends on the real-time and efficient ship draft detection system. There are two kinds of existing ship draft detection systems: one is ultrasonic based ship draught detection system, and the other is a side sweeping ship draft detection system based on hyper acoustic wave. The above two In order to overcome the disadvantages of the existing water test method, the floating side sweeping ship draft inspection system is designed. The main work of this paper is the main work of the paper. As follows: first, the radiation model of the spherical wave sound field is constructed and the underwater propagation characteristics of the acoustic wave are analyzed. Then, based on the principle of ultrasonic transducer, the calculation method of the optimal matching impedance in the resonant state is obtained based on the parameters of the ultrasonic emission transducer. The frequency band width of the three voltage measuring transducer is detailed and detailed. Method. The floating side sweep ship draft test system designed in this paper is installed on a floating ship by using multiple ultrasonic emission arrays on a floating vessel to adapt to a wide range of ship's draft. The paper focuses on the principle of the system and the design of the module. The module design includes the use of the modulation module for continuous complementary pulses. In order to eliminate the influence of single frequency emission and multipath effect on the receiving module, the energy module can control the transmitting modulation module using short time division multiplexing mode to control the transmitting sound wave, and the receiving module amplifies and demodulates the weak ultrasonic signal into DC signal; the data acquisition module uses the mean filter square. The method eliminates the two noise introduced in the process of data acquisition; the data fusion module is responsible for the fusion of the multiple sound wave data and the water level information into one frame of data; the data transmission module passes the data through the fiber and RS485 to the data processing software module; the data processing software module uses the filtering based on the amplitude intensity of the ultrasonic wave, marking the processing, and the amplitude of the data processing software module. In order to eliminate the multipath interference between the channels of the ultrasonic array, the paper also proposes a frequency domain feature recognition method to demodulate the ultrasonic signal, and the hardware uses low noise and wideband amplifier to amplify the weak ultrasonic signal, and the amplitude of the amplified signal is obtained by the FFT transform after the acquisition. The spectrum is used to identify and extract the ultrasonic signals. A large number of experiments in laboratory and field experiments show that the technical scheme of the system is feasible, the precision of the draft of the draft meets the design requirements, and it lays a solid foundation for the further improvement and improvement of the later system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP274;U693.4

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