本文選題：高速公路 + 可變限速��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：高速公路一直是我國交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)的重點(diǎn)建設(shè)對象。然而，隨著不斷增長的交通需求，各種各樣的交通問題開始突顯，相關(guān)實(shí)踐表明，作為智能控制子系統(tǒng)之一的可變限速控制技術(shù)，對于解決高速公路所存在問題具有突出優(yōu)勢，該技術(shù)不僅能通過降低行車速度的離散性顯著減少限速區(qū)域的事故率，還可以使得限速區(qū)域的交通流更加平滑，從而有效提高高速公路的通行能力。 然而，目前我國關(guān)于高速公路可變限速控制的研究還停留在以交通流量最大或者行程時間最低為目標(biāo)的單目標(biāo)優(yōu)化層次上，關(guān)于可變限速控制多目標(biāo)問題的研究少之又少，且鮮見對于環(huán)境污染的考慮。日益嚴(yán)重的空氣污染，導(dǎo)致了大范圍的持續(xù)霧霾天氣，這迫切要求交通管理者轉(zhuǎn)變思路，不再一味地僅以提高通行能力或者減少行程時間為目標(biāo)進(jìn)行高速公路的管理與控制，而應(yīng)該將多目標(biāo)引入到可變限速控制中去。 針對上述問題，本文依托于吉林省青年科研基金計劃項目《高速公路可變限速控制算法研究》，在對高速公路可變限速控制研究背景、研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行介紹、分析的基礎(chǔ)上，從多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化與多目標(biāo)決策兩大方面對包括尾氣排放量、交通流量與行程時間等多個控制目標(biāo)的多目標(biāo)問題進(jìn)行了深入研究。其中，，多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化是多目標(biāo)決策的首要前提，優(yōu)化完成后可以得到各個目標(biāo)函數(shù)相互協(xié)調(diào)的非劣解集；多目標(biāo)決策是解決多目標(biāo)問題的最終步驟，通過多目標(biāo)決策能夠從非劣解集中決策出單個解進(jìn)行執(zhí)行。 因此，本論文的研究內(nèi)容大致包括了以下方面： 1）對高速公路可變限速控制多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化進(jìn)行研究，以多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型的構(gòu)建理論為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合高速公路可變限速控制的具體特性，構(gòu)建包括尾氣排放量優(yōu)化函數(shù)、交通流量優(yōu)化函數(shù)、行程時間優(yōu)化函數(shù)及約束條件的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型。然后，通過對相關(guān)算法的分析，明確采用遺傳算法進(jìn)行模型求解的優(yōu)勢與可行性，在對多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型與遺傳算法進(jìn)行具體匹配的基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)定求解參數(shù)，明確求解過程，從而完成可變限速多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化部分的研究，得到各個目標(biāo)函數(shù)互相協(xié)調(diào)的非劣解集。 2）對高速公路可變限速控制多目標(biāo)決策進(jìn)行研究，在對現(xiàn)有多目標(biāo)決策技術(shù)進(jìn)行總結(jié)分析的基礎(chǔ)上，明確采用強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)算法進(jìn)行決策的優(yōu)勢與可行性，然后，以強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)原理為基礎(chǔ)，構(gòu)建包括基本組成元素、回報函數(shù)與準(zhǔn)則函數(shù)的多目標(biāo)決策模型，最后通過對動作選擇機(jī)制的設(shè)定，明確多目標(biāo)決策模型求解的具體步驟，完成可變限速控制多目標(biāo)決策部分的研究，基于實(shí)時環(huán)境狀態(tài)，從非劣解集中自適應(yīng)地決策出單個解進(jìn)行執(zhí)行。 3）高速公路可變限速控制多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化與決策仿真，通過對各仿真軟件的比較，選用Paramics進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗。然后，對仿真平臺進(jìn)行構(gòu)建，具體包括仿真路段的搭建與路段參數(shù)設(shè)置、布設(shè)可變信息板與檢測器、確定多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化結(jié)果及嵌入多目標(biāo)決策算法等。最后，對輸出結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析與對比，完成對可變限速控制多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化與決策模型可行性與有效性的驗證。 4）全文總結(jié)與展望，通過對論文的主要研究成果進(jìn)行歸納，提出論文尚存的缺點(diǎn)與后期研究的重點(diǎn)。 本論文針對高速公路可變限速控制進(jìn)行的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化與決策研究，一方面可以實(shí)現(xiàn)尾氣排放、交通流量與行程時間等控制目標(biāo)的有效協(xié)調(diào)，另一方面還可以根據(jù)高速公路實(shí)時交通狀態(tài)，智能決策出限速值進(jìn)行執(zhí)行。論文是對高速公路智能控制的有益探討，所取得的研究成果可以為高速公路可變限速控制提供一定的技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:The highway has always been the key object of the construction of the transportation industry in China. However, with the increasing traffic demand, all kinds of traffic problems have begun to highlight. The relevant practice shows that the variable speed limit control technology, one of the intelligent control subsystems, has a prominent advantage to solve the problems existing in the high speed highway. By reducing the discreteness of driving speed, it can significantly reduce the rate of accident in the speed limiting region, and can also make the traffic flow more smooth in the speed limit area, thus effectively improving the traffic capacity of the expressway.
However, at present, the research on the variable speed control of expressway is still in the single objective optimization level with the goal of maximum traffic flow or the lowest travel time. There are few studies on the multi target of variable speed limit control, and few of them are considered for environmental pollution. The continuous fog and haze weather, which urgently requires traffic managers to change their thinking, no longer only to improve the traffic capacity or reduce travel time as the goal of the management and control of the highway, and should be introduced into the variable speed limit control.
In view of the above problems, this paper, based on the study of the variable speed control algorithm of expressway, based on the project of Jilin youth scientific research fund, introduces the research background and current situation of the variable speed control of the expressway. On the basis of the analysis, from the two aspects of multi-objective optimization and multi target decision, the exhaust emissions, traffic flow and traffic flow are included. Multiple objective problems, such as travel time, are studied in depth. Among them, multi-objective optimization is the primary premise of multi-objective decision making. After the optimization is completed, the non inferior set of each target function can be coordinated, and multi objective decision is the ultimate step for solving the multi-objective problem, and the multi objective decision can be from the non inferior solution by multi target decision. A single solution is executed in a centralized decision.
Therefore, the research contents of this thesis include the following aspects:
1) multi objective optimization of variable speed control of expressway is studied. Based on the construction theory of multi-objective optimization mathematical model, combined with the specific characteristics of variable speed control of expressway, a multi-objective optimization model, including exhaust emission optimization function, traffic flow optimization function, travel time optimization function and constraint conditions, is constructed. Then, through the analysis of the related algorithms, the advantages and feasibility of the genetic algorithm for the model solution are clearly defined. On the basis of the specific matching of the multi-objective optimization model and the genetic algorithm, the solution parameters are set and the solution process is clearly defined, thus the study of the variable speed limit multi target optimization part is completed, and each target function is obtained. A coordinated non inferior set of solutions.
2) study on multi-objective decision making of variable speed control of freeway. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the existing multi-objective decision technology, the advantages and feasibility of adopting the reinforcement learning algorithm to make decision are made clear. Then, based on strengthening the learning principle, the multi-objective of the basic composition elements, the return function and the criterion function is constructed. In the end, by setting the mechanism of action selection, the specific steps of the multi-objective decision model are defined and the multi target decision part of variable speed limit control is studied. Based on the state of the real-time environment, a single solution is automatically executed from the non inferior solution.
3) multi target optimization and decision simulation of variable speed limit control of expressway. Through comparison of various simulation software, Paramics is selected to carry out simulation experiment. Then, the simulation platform is constructed, including the construction of the simulation section and the setting of section parameters, setting of variable information board and detector, determining the results of multi-objective optimization and embedding multiple targets. Finally, the output results are analyzed and compared, and the feasibility and effectiveness of variable speed limit control multi-objective optimization and decision making model are verified.
4) the summary and Prospect of the thesis. By summarizing the main research results of the paper, the shortcomings of the paper and the emphasis of the later research are proposed.
On the one hand, the paper can realize the effective coordination of the exhaust emission, the traffic flow and the travel time and other control targets. On the other hand, the speed limit of the expressway can be implemented according to the real-time traffic state of the expressway, and the speed limit value is implemented by the intelligent decision. The research results can provide some technical support for variable speed limit control of freeway.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491

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