本文選題：城市客運(yùn) + 交通結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《東北林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近些年來(lái),我國(guó)城市化進(jìn)程不斷加快,經(jīng)濟(jì)飛速發(fā)展,汽車(chē)保有量逐漸增多,交通擁堵越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。城市交通擁堵的加劇帶來(lái)了許多負(fù)面的影響,增加了溫室氣體排放,降低交通運(yùn)輸效率,提高了交通運(yùn)輸在能源消耗中所占的比例。本文以城市客運(yùn)交通結(jié)構(gòu)作為研究對(duì)象,以降低能源消耗為目標(biāo),從居民出行方式、碳排放、居民出行可達(dá)性等方面考慮,對(duì)城市客運(yùn)交通結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,以達(dá)到降低能源消耗又提高交通運(yùn)輸效率的目的,為改善城市客運(yùn)交通運(yùn)輸現(xiàn)狀提出建議。論文首先對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外城市客運(yùn)交通現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了總結(jié),并對(duì)現(xiàn)有的各種交通結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化建模方法進(jìn)行了具體的分析,依據(jù)各個(gè)地方的客運(yùn)交通方式的不同,再根據(jù)以往的客運(yùn)交通結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的經(jīng)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了以能耗最低為目標(biāo)的城市客運(yùn)交通結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化模型。其次,通過(guò)對(duì)比分析現(xiàn)有的城市客運(yùn)交通結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化方法,本文以客運(yùn)交通能源消耗最低為目標(biāo),以各種交通方式的客運(yùn)周轉(zhuǎn)量、客運(yùn)交通總的碳排放量等為約束條件,構(gòu)建同時(shí)滿足時(shí)間、環(huán)境、效率三方面要求的城市客運(yùn)交通結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化模型。通過(guò)人工智能魚(yú)群算法對(duì)模型求解,參考模型的優(yōu)化結(jié)果,作為城市客運(yùn)交通結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的理論依據(jù)。最后,將哈爾濱市的客運(yùn)交通結(jié)構(gòu)作為研究對(duì)象,依據(jù)相關(guān)交通部門(mén)、歷年統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒以及實(shí)地調(diào)查的方式獲取所需數(shù)據(jù),作為求解數(shù)學(xué)模型的參考數(shù)據(jù)。從模型求解結(jié)果可知應(yīng)增加城市公交車(chē)的整體運(yùn)輸比例：降低出租車(chē)分擔(dān)率；適當(dāng)增加私人小汽車(chē)的出行比例；大力發(fā)展軌道交通；嚴(yán)格限制摩托車(chē)使用；降低慢行交通出行比重,但不可否認(rèn),實(shí)際生活中,在外界條件和時(shí)間都允許的情況下,慢行交通依然要受到足夠的提倡。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the process of urbanization in China is accelerating, the economy is developing rapidly, the number of cars is increasing gradually, and the traffic congestion is becoming more and more serious. The aggravation of urban traffic congestion has brought many negative effects, increased greenhouse gas emissions, reduced transport efficiency and increased the proportion of transportation in energy consumption. Taking the urban passenger transport structure as the research object and reducing energy consumption, this paper optimizes the urban passenger transport structure from the aspects of residents' travel mode, carbon emissions, and the accessibility of urban passenger transport. In order to reduce energy consumption and improve transportation efficiency, some suggestions are put forward to improve the present situation of urban passenger transportation. Firstly, this paper summarizes the present situation of urban passenger traffic at home and abroad, and makes a concrete analysis of the existing traffic structure optimization modeling methods, according to the different modes of passenger transport in different places. Based on the previous experience of passenger traffic structure optimization, a model of urban passenger transport structure optimization with the lowest energy consumption is constructed. Secondly, by comparing and analyzing the existing optimization methods of urban passenger transport structure, this paper aims at the lowest energy consumption of passenger transport, taking the passenger transport turnover of various modes of transport and the total carbon emissions of passenger transport as the constraints. The optimization model of urban passenger traffic structure is constructed, which meets the requirements of time, environment and efficiency. The model is solved by artificial intelligence fish swarm algorithm and the optimization result of the model is referred to as the theoretical basis for the adjustment of urban passenger traffic structure. Finally, the passenger traffic structure of Harbin is taken as the research object, and the required data are obtained according to the relevant traffic departments, the statistical yearbooks of the past years and the field survey, as the reference data for solving the mathematical model. From the result of model solving, we should increase the proportion of urban bus transportation: reduce the share rate of taxi; increase the proportion of private car travel; vigorously develop rail transit; strictly restrict the use of motorcycles; Reducing the proportion of slow traffic travel, but it is undeniable that in real life, in the circumstances of external conditions and time allowed, slow traffic still has to be enough advocated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U12

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