本文選題：公共租賃自行車系統(tǒng) + 選址規(guī)劃��； 參考：《北京建筑大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了提倡綠色出行,降低機動車出行比例,推廣自行車的使用,公共自行車租賃系統(tǒng)在不同城市建成并投入使用,而國內的建設和運營剛剛起步,無論在理論上還是經(jīng)驗上均存在著一定的不足。在公共自行車借還高峰期間極易出現(xiàn)借還不平衡現(xiàn)象,一般采用人工調度方法進行調整,耗費大量政府財力,而忽略了自行車站點位置和配置規(guī)模的不合理也會導致不平衡現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生。因此本文將立足于公共自行車租賃站點的選址規(guī)劃,通過分析影響使用者選擇行為的主要因素,權衡需求點至站點間距離,相鄰站點間距離、站間借還車輛流動情況以及車輛和車樁配置不足等條件的利弊,在一般選址規(guī)劃研究的同時,增加使用者騎行選擇行為的考慮,力求獲得總成本最小的選址建設方案,對站點的位置和規(guī)模進行合理化的設計,使得站點的借車和還車需求更加趨近于平衡,減少借還數(shù)量差值,降低調度工作量。文章具體研究內容如下:(1)公共自行車租賃系統(tǒng)使用者選擇特性研究。論文全面分析了不同性別、年齡、出行目的、出行模式等使用者特性,以及季節(jié)、時間、用地屬性、距離等影響使用者選擇行為的因素,探討公眾選取公共自行車租賃系統(tǒng)出行的影響因素,為進一步的進行出行選擇模型構建及參數(shù)標定提供基本依據(jù);(2)基于馬爾科夫鏈方法的騎行因素和需求因素分析。簡要介紹馬爾科夫鏈方法的原理和使用條件,以及在公共自行車租賃系統(tǒng)中的適用性。選取騎行時耗和借還需求兩個因素,構建狀態(tài)數(shù)量轉移矩陣和轉移概率矩陣,并通過馬爾科夫鏈方法求解得到穩(wěn)態(tài)概率向量,獲得系統(tǒng)達到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)時基于騎行時耗的各站點狀態(tài)轉移和使用者在各站點處借還需求的一般概率,為選址規(guī)劃模型中騎行成本和建設成本的確定提供數(shù)據(jù)支持;(3)公共自行車租賃點選址規(guī)劃模型。構建基于步行時耗、騎行時耗、建設規(guī)模和不足懲罰四個因素的成本模型,考慮站點之間的聯(lián)系關系,選擇不同的站點集合,將其作為整體進行分析,并通過量化和單位統(tǒng)一,在價格層面考慮選址規(guī)劃方案的優(yōu)劣;(4)模型應用示例。以北京市已建成運營的公共自行車租賃系統(tǒng)為背景,構建算例,使用模型確定最終的選址規(guī)劃方案,并以最終方案為例,呈現(xiàn)詳細的計算過程。在計算所得的成果中,分析不同標準下的案例選擇方式,并對不同類型案例進行對比。
[Abstract]:In order to promote green travel, reduce the proportion of motor vehicle travel, and promote the use of bicycles, the public bicycle rental system has been built and put into use in different cities, but the domestic construction and operation has just started. Both in theory and experience, there are some shortcomings. During the peak period of public bicycle borrowing and returning, it is easy to appear the phenomenon of imbalance between borrowing and returning, so the manual dispatching method is generally adopted to adjust, which consumes a lot of government financial resources. And neglecting the bicycle station location and configuration scale of unreasonable will also lead to imbalance phenomenon. Therefore, this paper will be based on the public bicycle rental site location planning, through the analysis of the main factors affecting the user's choice behavior, weighing the demand point to the distance between the site, the distance between adjacent sites, Taking advantage of the advantages and disadvantages of the flow situation of vehicles and the insufficient allocation of vehicles and piles between stations, while the general site planning is studied, the consideration of the user's behavior of cycling selection is increased, and the site construction scheme with the lowest total cost is obtained. The rational design of site location and scale makes the demand for car borrowing and returning to the station more balanced, reduces the difference of borrowing and returning quantity, and reduces the workload of dispatching. The specific contents of this paper are as follows: 1) Research on the user selection characteristics of public bicycle rental system. The paper comprehensively analyzes the characteristics of users, such as gender, age, travel purpose, travel mode and so on, as well as factors such as season, time, land use attribute, distance and so on, which affect the user's choice behavior. This paper discusses the influencing factors of public choice of public bicycle rental system, and provides a basic basis for the further construction of travel choice model and parameter calibration. (2) the analysis of riding factors and demand factors based on Markov chain method. This paper briefly introduces the principle and application conditions of Markov chain method and its applicability in public bicycle rental system. By selecting two factors of riding time consumption and demand demand, the state quantity transfer matrix and transition probability matrix are constructed, and the steady-state probability vector is obtained by Markov chain method. To obtain the general probability that the system reaches a stable state based on the state transition of each station consumed by riding and the general probability that the user borrows the demand at each site, This paper provides data support for the determination of riding cost and construction cost in the location planning model) the location planning model of public bicycle rental point. A cost model based on walking time, cycling time consumption, construction scale and insufficient penalty is built. Considering the relationship between sites, different sets of sites are selected, analyzed as a whole, and analyzed by quantification and unity of units. Considering the merits and demerits of the site planning scheme at the price level, an example of application of the model is given. Taking the public bicycle rental system in Beijing as the background, a calculation example is constructed, and the final location planning scheme is determined by using the model, and the detailed calculation process is presented by taking the final scheme as an example. In the calculated results, the case selection methods under different criteria are analyzed, and the different types of cases are compared.
【學位授予單位】：北京建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491.225

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