本文選題：聲吶測(cè)距 + 多通道��； 參考：《杭州電子科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著浙江省水運(yùn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,水上交通運(yùn)輸繁忙,船舶擱淺等水上交通事故頻繁發(fā)生。當(dāng)吃水深度較大的船舶經(jīng)過(guò)較淺險(xiǎn)的河段時(shí),一旦發(fā)生擱淺就會(huì)嚴(yán)重阻礙其它船舶的水上運(yùn)輸。傳統(tǒng)的船舶吃水深度檢測(cè)方法檢測(cè)效率較低,測(cè)量精度較差,降低了水上管理部門對(duì)水上交通的治理效率。因此迫切需要一種新型的船舶吃水深度檢測(cè)系統(tǒng),能夠自動(dòng)對(duì)行駛的船舶進(jìn)行吃水深度檢測(cè),提高測(cè)量精度,幫助水運(yùn)業(yè)管理部門進(jìn)行水上交通的有效管理�，F(xiàn)階段的工業(yè)測(cè)深儀多為雙通道測(cè)深儀,若利用市售的雙通道測(cè)深儀來(lái)搭建多通道船舶吃水深度檢測(cè)系統(tǒng),多個(gè)測(cè)深儀同時(shí)工作時(shí),各聲吶探頭之間的回波干擾現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,致使測(cè)深儀中不能進(jìn)行精確的距離計(jì)算,導(dǎo)致測(cè)距失敗。基于以上問(wèn)題,本文提出了一種基于聲吶測(cè)距的多通道內(nèi)河船舶吃水深度檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)中采用聲吶測(cè)距的原理進(jìn)行內(nèi)河船舶的吃水深度檢測(cè),利用水底安裝法,將聲吶探頭線陣放置于測(cè)量水域河床底部,降低了檢測(cè)裝置受人為因素的影響程度。檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)中的多個(gè)聲吶檢測(cè)通道之間采用分時(shí)復(fù)用的原理進(jìn)行輪詢檢測(cè),消除了多個(gè)聲吶檢測(cè)通道同時(shí)工作時(shí)的回波干擾問(wèn)題。多通道檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)利用LabVIEW編寫上位機(jī)的控制界面,使得測(cè)量結(jié)果顯示直觀。本多通道檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)包括硬件設(shè)備與上位機(jī)控制軟件兩部分。硬件設(shè)備包括聲吶信號(hào)發(fā)射與接收調(diào)理電路以及NI sbRIO-9637嵌入式計(jì)算機(jī)。聲吶信號(hào)發(fā)射與接收調(diào)理電路包括功率放大電路、收發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)換電路、帶通濾波電路、后級(jí)放大電路四部分,主要用于對(duì)聲吶信號(hào)進(jìn)行功率放大以及對(duì)回波信號(hào)進(jìn)行濾波放大等處理。NI sbRIO-9637嵌入式計(jì)算機(jī)通過(guò)以太網(wǎng)與PC上位機(jī)連接,上位機(jī)軟件通過(guò)驅(qū)動(dòng)嵌入式計(jì)算機(jī)上的八路數(shù)字輸出I/O引腳以及八路模擬輸入I/O引腳,來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)八路聲吶信號(hào)的分時(shí)發(fā)射與八路回波信號(hào)的分時(shí)接收。上位機(jī)軟件分為聲吶信號(hào)的分時(shí)發(fā)射算法、回波信號(hào)的分時(shí)接收算法以及船舶吃水深度計(jì)算三個(gè)部分。聲吶信號(hào)的分時(shí)發(fā)射算法用于驅(qū)動(dòng)嵌入式計(jì)算機(jī)上的八路數(shù)字I/O口輪流輸出200KHz的聲吶信號(hào);回波信號(hào)分時(shí)接收算法用于驅(qū)動(dòng)嵌入式計(jì)算機(jī)上的八路模擬I/O口輪流接收對(duì)應(yīng)檢測(cè)通道的回波信號(hào);船舶吃水深度檢測(cè)計(jì)算算法利用回波信號(hào)中的一次回波信號(hào)結(jié)合渡越時(shí)間法[1],計(jì)算船舶的最大吃水深度值。最后通過(guò)將硬件設(shè)備與上位機(jī)軟件進(jìn)行聯(lián)合調(diào)試,對(duì)多通道檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的測(cè)距精度、回波干擾問(wèn)題以及系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)時(shí)間進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:該多通道內(nèi)河船舶吃水深度檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)在水深為3.5m的運(yùn)河水域,測(cè)距誤差小于4%,水下最小探測(cè)距離小于35cm,該方案切實(shí)可行,具有一定的推廣應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of water transportation industry in Zhejiang Province, waterborne traffic accidents occur frequently, such as busy water transportation and stranded ships. When a ship with a higher draught depth passes through a shallow and dangerous reach, grounding will seriously hinder the water transportation of other ships. The traditional ship draft depth detection method has low detection efficiency and poor measuring precision, which reduces the efficiency of water traffic management. Therefore, a new type of ship draft depth detection system is urgently needed, which can automatically detect the draft depth of the moving ship, improve the accuracy of the survey, and help the management department of the shipping industry to manage the water transportation effectively. At this stage, most of the industrial sounders are two-channel sounders. If a multi-channel ship draught depth detection system is built by using the dual-channel sounder sold on the market, the echo interference between sonar probes is serious when several sounders are working at the same time. The result is that the accurate distance calculation can not be carried out in the sounder, which results in the ranging failure. Based on the above problems, this paper presents a multi-channel inland ship draft depth detection system based on sonar ranging. In the detection system, the principle of sonar ranging is used to detect the draught depth of inland river ships, and the sonar probe linear array is placed at the bottom of the river bed in the water area by using the method of underwater installation, which reduces the degree of the influence of human factors on the detection device. In the detection system, the principle of time-sharing and multiplexing is used to detect multiple sonar detection channels, which eliminates the echo interference problem when multiple sonar detection channels are working at the same time. The multi-channel detection system uses LabVIEW to write the control interface of the upper computer, which makes the measurement result display intuitively. The multi-channel detection system consists of hardware equipment and PC control software. The hardware includes sonar signal transmitting and receiving circuit and NI sbRIO-9637 embedded computer. The sonar signal transmitting and receiving conditioning circuit includes four parts: power amplifier circuit, transceiver circuit, bandpass filter circuit, post-stage amplifier circuit. It is mainly used for sonar signal power amplification and echo signal filter amplification. NI sbRIO-9637 embedded computer is connected to PC through Ethernet. Eight-channel digital output I / O pin and 8-channel analog input I / O pin are driven by the upper computer software to realize the time-sharing transmission of the 8-channel sonar signal and the time-sharing reception of the 8-channel echo signal. The software of upper computer is divided into three parts: the time-sharing transmitting algorithm of sonar signal, the time-sharing receiving algorithm of echo signal and the calculation of ship draught depth. The time-sharing algorithm of sonar signal is used to drive the 8-channel digital I / O port on embedded computer to output the sonar signal of 200KHz in turn. The echo signal timesharing algorithm is used to drive the 8-channel analog I / O port on the embedded computer to receive the echo signal of the corresponding detection channel in turn. Calculation algorithm of ship draught depth the maximum draught depth of ship is calculated by using the primary echo signal in the echo signal combined with the transit time method [1]. Finally, the range accuracy, echo interference and detection time of the multi-channel detection system are studied by debugging the hardware and software. The experimental results show that the range error of the system is less than 4 and the minimum underwater detection distance is less than 35 cm. The scheme is feasible and has a certain value of popularization and application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U693.4

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