地鐵區(qū)間隧道火災(zāi)煙氣流動規(guī)律及控制方法研究
本文選題:地鐵區(qū)間隧道 + 煙氣蔓延 ; 參考:《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文
【摘要】:隨著我國經(jīng)濟與社會的快速發(fā)展,我國道路建設(shè)呈現(xiàn)出一派繁榮的景象,越來越多的地鐵隧道出現(xiàn)在城市中;馂(zāi)是地鐵隧道在使用過程中需要重要關(guān)切的問題。由于地鐵隧道深埋于地下,一旦在區(qū)間隧道發(fā)生火災(zāi)時,產(chǎn)生的有毒煙氣與熱量不斷積聚,會嚴重的影響人員安全和隧道的結(jié)構(gòu)安全,因此開展相關(guān)的隧道煙氣蔓延規(guī)律與防控研究是隧道安全的必要研究課題。近些年來,許多的專家學(xué)者針對隧道火災(zāi)煙氣蔓延與火災(zāi)下隧道結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性開展了相關(guān)的研究,本文針對目前研究的現(xiàn)狀以及存在的不足,進行了以下幾個方面的研究。本文通過相似性準則建立了縮尺寸地鐵區(qū)間隧道模型并在此基礎(chǔ)上進行火災(zāi)試驗,通過開展不同功率下的實驗獲得了隧道內(nèi)的縱向溫度數(shù)據(jù)以及煙氣層數(shù)據(jù),通過對數(shù)據(jù)的處理并著重分析了不同火源功率下拱頂縱向溫度分布,發(fā)現(xiàn)縱向煙氣最大溫升大致呈冪指數(shù)衰減,且在距火源一定距離處基本不再減少。為了驗證火災(zāi)模擬軟件對于開展隧道火災(zāi)實驗?zāi)M的可行性,利用FDS建立了與實驗情況相同的工況,并對實驗?zāi)P瓦M行1:1建模,分別對隧道拱頂最高溫度、煙氣層穩(wěn)定厚度、拱頂縱向溫度分布進行了對比分析。結(jié)果表明,設(shè)置合理的模擬參數(shù),模擬與模型實驗所得到的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,利用FDS進行隧道火災(zāi)相關(guān)方面的研究具有一定的科學(xué)性與可行性。并通過結(jié)合模擬獲得的縱向頂棚最高溫度分布的模型與實驗獲得結(jié)果,得出了煙氣層頂部的最高溫升與Q*2/3/Hf5/3的關(guān)系式。結(jié)合工程實際,通過FDS建立不同火源功率與縱向風速條件的火災(zāi)模型并進行模擬研究,獲得了自然通風狀態(tài)下的煙氣蔓延以及煙氣溫度分布情況;通過設(shè)置隧道內(nèi)的不同的縱向通風的風速值,并對結(jié)果進行分析獲得了隧道內(nèi)縱向風速值與煙氣回流的回流長度的關(guān)系,臨界風速與無量綱熱釋放速率的關(guān)系式,并最終獲得了回流發(fā)生的臨界風速值。本文利用理論分析、相似性準則實驗與FDS模擬研究的方法,并結(jié)合相關(guān)的工程實際對地鐵區(qū)間隧道內(nèi)的火災(zāi)產(chǎn)生的煙氣蔓延規(guī)律及其控制方法進行了研究,重點分析了煙氣層頂部縱向溫度分布與縱向風速對煙氣蔓延相關(guān)參數(shù)的影響。本文的研究成果可以為地鐵隧道區(qū)間火災(zāi)的煙氣控制與人員安全研究的提供一定的理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our country's economy and society, the road construction of our country presents a prosperous scene, more and more subway tunnels appear in the city.Fire is an important concern in subway tunnel operation.Because the subway tunnel is buried deep underground, once the fire occurs in the tunnel, the toxic smoke and heat produced will accumulate continuously, which will seriously affect the safety of the personnel and the structural safety of the tunnel.Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the research of tunnel smoke spread law and prevention and control.In recent years, many experts and scholars have carried out related research on tunnel fire smoke spread and tunnel structure stability under fire.Based on the similarity criterion, the tunnel model of the reduced size subway section is established and the fire test is carried out. The longitudinal temperature data and smoke layer data are obtained by the experiments under different power levels.By processing the data and analyzing the longitudinal temperature distribution of the dome under different fire source power, it is found that the maximum temperature rise of the longitudinal flue gas tends to decay exponentially and does not decrease basically at a certain distance from the fire source.In order to verify the feasibility of the fire simulation software for the tunnel fire simulation, the operating condition of the tunnel fire simulation software is established under the same condition as the experiment by using FDS, and the experimental model is modeled at 1:1. The maximum temperature of the tunnel vault and the stable thickness of the flue gas layer are respectively analyzed.The longitudinal temperature distribution of the vault is compared and analyzed.The results show that with reasonable simulation parameters, the simulation results are basically consistent with those obtained from the model experiments, and it is scientific and feasible to use FDS to study the tunnel fire related aspects.The relationship between the maximum temperature rise at the top of the flue gas layer and Q*2/3/Hf5/3 is obtained by combining the model of the maximum temperature distribution of the longitudinal ceiling and the experimental results obtained by the simulation.Combined with engineering practice, the fire models of different fire source power and longitudinal wind speed were established by FDS and simulated, and the smoke spread and flue gas temperature distribution under natural ventilation were obtained.By setting the wind speed values of different longitudinal ventilation in the tunnel and analyzing the results, the relationship between the longitudinal wind velocity value and the reflux length of flue gas reflux in the tunnel and the relation between the critical wind speed and the dimensionless heat release rate are obtained.Finally, the critical wind speed is obtained.In this paper, the method of theoretical analysis, similarity criterion experiment and FDS simulation are used to study the smoke spread law and control method of fire in subway tunnel.The influence of vertical temperature distribution and vertical wind speed on flue gas spread is analyzed.The research results in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for the smoke control and personnel safety research of subway tunnel fire.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:U458.1
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