本文選題：副駕駛安全氣囊　切入點(diǎn)：離位兒童　出處：《江蘇大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：汽車被動(dòng)安全產(chǎn)品主要包括方向盤、轉(zhuǎn)向管柱、安全帶、安全氣囊等,交通事故中,它們能夠有效的保護(hù)乘員的生命安全,避免乘員與車輛內(nèi)部發(fā)生二次碰撞。目前的車輛安全產(chǎn)品許多并未考慮兒童乘車的情況,兒童在這些產(chǎn)品起作用時(shí)不能受到很好的保護(hù),有時(shí)候還會(huì)受到一些損傷,比如副駕駛安全氣囊能夠很好的保護(hù)50百分位的成年男子,卻對(duì)于副駕駛位置的兒童造成很大損傷。本文針對(duì)副駕駛離位工況的兒童頻繁遭受副駕駛氣囊展開(kāi)造成損傷的情況,研究美國(guó)聯(lián)邦機(jī)動(dòng)車安全法規(guī)FMVSS208法案的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,明確了副駕駛離位兒童損傷指標(biāo)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容和氣囊低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)展開(kāi)的試驗(yàn)方法。進(jìn)一步了解了交通事故中兒童的損傷生物學(xué)理論和頭部、胸部、頸部的損傷機(jī)理,為后續(xù)研究做了理論準(zhǔn)備。本文的主要研究方法是仿真分析,先用MADYMO軟件建立安全氣囊的模型,完成氣囊的算法選擇和折疊建模,在此基礎(chǔ)上用氣囊的靜態(tài)展開(kāi)試驗(yàn)和線性沖擊試驗(yàn)加以驗(yàn)證,后加上座椅和假人等建立整個(gè)副駕駛離位工況的仿真模型,并用試驗(yàn)加以驗(yàn)證。針對(duì)飾蓋門形鉸鏈在氣囊展開(kāi)過(guò)程中斷裂的情況,分析飾蓋的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變分布,確定相關(guān)優(yōu)化參數(shù)和優(yōu)化水平,對(duì)門形鉸鏈結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行正交優(yōu)化以減小其最大應(yīng)變,用SPSS數(shù)據(jù)分析軟件對(duì)于正交試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行方差分析,研究各參數(shù)對(duì)于應(yīng)變的影響。最終門形鉸鏈在氣囊展開(kāi)過(guò)程中不再斷裂飛出。研究表明,鉸鏈根部的厚度是對(duì)鉸鏈?zhǔn)艿阶畲髴?yīng)變影響較大的參數(shù)。選取排氣孔直徑,氣囊織布滲透率、雙級(jí)氣體發(fā)生器參數(shù)、氣囊展開(kāi)角度、離位位置等參數(shù),分別改變單一因素的值,研究其對(duì)副駕駛離位兒童損傷的影響,研究發(fā)現(xiàn):一定范圍內(nèi),排氣孔直徑越大,則兒童受到的損傷越小;氣囊的織布滲透率越大,則兒童受到的損傷越小。氣囊的展開(kāi)角度較大時(shí),兒童的頸部易受損傷,展開(kāi)角度較小時(shí),兒童頭部易受損傷。雙級(jí)氣體發(fā)生器的點(diǎn)火時(shí)間間隔較長(zhǎng)時(shí),對(duì)兒童的保護(hù)效果較好。離位位置不同時(shí),兒童遠(yuǎn)離氣囊模塊,其損傷會(huì)減小。對(duì)副駕駛離位兒童的損傷機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究,用SPSS軟件對(duì)氣體物理量和損傷指標(biāo)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)氣體壓力是導(dǎo)致?lián)p傷的主要參數(shù)。同時(shí),對(duì)所有模型的計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行回歸分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)HIC15積分時(shí)間段內(nèi),連續(xù)3ms頭部加速度的最大值與氣體壓力線性相關(guān);連續(xù)3ms胸部加速度的值與氣體壓力線性相關(guān);頸部軸向拉伸力的最大值與頭胸Z軸方向相對(duì)位移最大值線性相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Passive safety products mainly include steering wheel, steering string, seat belt, airbag and so on. In traffic accidents, they can effectively protect the safety of the occupants and avoid the second collision between the occupants and the vehicles.Many of the current vehicle safety products do not take into account the situation of children travelling by car. Children are not well protected and sometimes suffer from injuries when these products work.The co-pilot airbag, for example, protects adult men at the 50 th percentile, but can cause serious damage to children in the co-pilot position.In this paper, according to the condition that children in off-duty condition of co-pilot are frequently injured by co-pilot airbag, we study the relevant contents of the Federal Motor vehicle Safety regulations (FMVSS208) Act in the United States.The related contents of the injury index and the test method of low risk of air bag were defined.The theory of injury biology and the injury mechanism of head, chest and neck of children in traffic accident were further understood, and the theoretical preparation for the follow-up study was made.The main research method of this paper is simulation analysis. First, the model of airbag is established by MADYMO software, and the algorithm selection and folding modeling of airbag are completed. On this basis, the static expansion test and linear impact test of airbag are used to verify the model.The simulation model of the whole off-position condition of the co-pilot is established by adding the seat and dummy, and the simulation model is verified by the experiment.In view of the fracture of the door hinge during the expansion of the air bag, the stress and strain distribution of the cover is analyzed, and the optimization parameters and the optimization level are determined, and the orthogonal optimization of the door hinge structure is carried out to reduce the maximum strain.SPSS data analysis software was used to analyze the variance of the orthogonal test results, and the effect of the parameters on the strain was studied.Finally, the door hinge does not break out during the expansion of the airbag.The results show that the thickness of the hinge root is a parameter which is greatly affected by the maximum strain of the hinge.The parameters, such as the diameter of exhaust hole, the permeability of air bag fabric, the parameters of two-stage gas generator, the angle of air bag development and the position of air bag, were selected to change the value of single factor, respectively, and to study the effects of the parameters on the injuries of children who left the position of co-pilot.It is found that in a certain range, the larger the diameter of the exhaust hole, the smaller the damage to the children, and the greater the permeability of the air bag, the smaller the damage to the children.When the angle of air bag is bigger, the neck of the child is easy to be damaged, and the head of the child is easy to be injured when the angle of expansion is small.When the ignition time of two-stage gas generator is longer, the protective effect of two-stage gas generator is better for children.If the child stays away from the airbag module, the damage will be reduced.In this paper, the injury mechanism of the children who were separated by co-pilot was studied, and the correlation between the physical quantity of gas and the damage index was analyzed by SPSS software. It was found that the gas pressure was the main parameter that caused the damage.At the same time, regression analysis of the results of all the models shows that the maximum acceleration of the head of continuous 3ms is linearly related to the gas pressure in the HIC15 integral period, and the value of the chest acceleration of the continuous 3ms is linearly related to the gas pressure.The maximum axial tensile force of the neck is linearly correlated with the maximum displacement of the Z axis of the head and chest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491.61

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本文編號(hào)：1719908