本文選題：行人流　切入點(diǎn)：微觀仿真　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國城市人口和規(guī)模的急劇增長,大規(guī)模的行人聚集和出行換乘活動(dòng)變得愈加頻繁。在交通樞紐、體育場館、購物中心等存在空間障礙物的大型步行設(shè)施內(nèi),不合理的行人流組織管理策略和空間障礙物設(shè)計(jì)會(huì)降低行人移動(dòng)效率,而且在擁擠恐慌情況下容易誘發(fā)踩踏事件。同時(shí),基于計(jì)算機(jī)仿真技術(shù)研究在個(gè)體行人相互作用的過程中涌現(xiàn)的群體宏觀特征,已成為探索不同集散環(huán)境下行人個(gè)體微觀行為和群體宏觀特征的主要手段。障礙物影響下的行人流移動(dòng)特征、理論建模和微觀仿真研究可用于優(yōu)化步行設(shè)施內(nèi)的行人流組織管理和空間障礙物布局,對(duì)提高行人流集散效率和預(yù)防擁擠踩踏具有重要意義。本文利用行人實(shí)驗(yàn)、理論建模和微觀仿真的方法,在挖掘個(gè)體行人避讓與超越行為機(jī)制的基礎(chǔ)上,探究行人避讓與超越行為和空間障礙物規(guī)模形狀對(duì)行人群體宏觀特征的影響機(jī)制。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:首先,通過組織行人實(shí)驗(yàn)并處理實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),探究行人流移動(dòng)特征�；趥�(gè)體微觀行為實(shí)驗(yàn),探究行人的避讓與超越行為;基于群體宏觀特征實(shí)驗(yàn),探究空間障礙物特征對(duì)行人流疏散時(shí)間和群體宏觀現(xiàn)象的影響。其次,通過理論建模制定行人避讓與超越行為的移動(dòng)規(guī)則。結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析,以行人面臨沖突時(shí)的沖突時(shí)間和避讓時(shí)間為主要參數(shù)建立共軛力模型,描述行人期望以大小穩(wěn)定的速度主動(dòng)避讓與超越障礙物的行為;改進(jìn)社會(huì)力模型中的排斥力與摩擦力,消除行人接觸時(shí)的擠壓形變作用,使模型適合非恐慌情況下的行人流仿真;設(shè)定仿真參數(shù),再現(xiàn)個(gè)體行人避讓與超越的微觀行為,并分析模型參數(shù)變化對(duì)行人個(gè)體微觀行為仿真的影響。最后,通過微觀仿真分析行人的避讓與超越行為和空間障礙物特征對(duì)行人群體宏觀特征的影響。研究當(dāng)步行設(shè)施內(nèi)無空間障礙物時(shí),行人間的超越行為對(duì)疏散效率的影響,從而提出不同行人數(shù)量、出口寬度對(duì)應(yīng)的最佳行人流組織管理策略;以步行通道內(nèi)存在空間障礙物時(shí)的單向行人流為仿真對(duì)象,分析行人避讓與超越行為和空間障礙物規(guī)模形狀的變化對(duì)行人流疏散效率、移動(dòng)瓶頸通過能力和行人群體宏觀現(xiàn)象的影響,提出增加行人流疏散效率和移動(dòng)瓶頸通過能力的空間障礙物優(yōu)化方法。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of urban population and scale in our country, large-scale pedestrian gathering and commuting activities become more frequent. In transportation hubs, stadiums, shopping centers and other large walking facilities with space obstacles, Unreasonable pedestrian flow management strategy and space obstruction design will reduce pedestrian movement efficiency, and can easily induce stampede in crowded and panic situations. At the same time, On the basis of computer simulation technology, we study the macroscopic characteristics of groups emerging in the process of individual pedestrian interaction. It has become the main means to explore the microscopic behavior of pedestrian and the macroscopic characteristics of groups in different distributed environments. The characteristics of pedestrian flow movement under the influence of obstacles, Theoretical modeling and microscopic simulation research can be used to optimize pedestrian flow organization management and space obstruction layout in walking facilities. It is of great significance to improve the efficiency of pedestrian flow distribution and prevent congestion and stampede. The methods of theoretical modeling and microscopic simulation are based on mining the mechanism of individual pedestrian avoidance and surmounting behavior. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, by organizing pedestrian experiments and processing experimental data, the paper explores the mechanism of pedestrian avoidance and surpassing behavior and the influence of spatial obstacle size on the macro characteristics of pedestrian groups. Based on individual microcosmic behavior experiment, this paper explores pedestrian avoidance and transcendence behavior; based on group macro characteristic experiment, it explores the influence of spatial obstacle characteristics on evacuation time and crowd macro phenomenon. Secondly, Through theoretical modeling, the movement rules of pedestrian avoidance and transcendental behavior are established. Based on the analysis of experimental results, the conjugate force model is established with the conflict time and avoidance time of pedestrian facing conflict as the main parameters. Describes the behavior of pedestrians' expectation of avoiding and surmounting obstacles at a steady speed, improves the repulsive force and friction in the social force model, and eliminates the extrusion deformation in pedestrian contact. Make the model suitable for the pedestrian flow simulation under the condition of non-panic, set the simulation parameters, reproduce the microscopic behavior of individual pedestrian avoiding and surpassing, and analyze the influence of the model parameter change on the pedestrian individual micro-behavior simulation. Finally, The effects of pedestrian avoidance and surmounting behavior and spatial obstacle characteristics on the macro characteristics of pedestrian groups are analyzed by microcosmic simulation, and the effects of pedestrian surpassing behavior on evacuation efficiency are studied when there are no space obstacles in walking facilities. Thus, the optimal pedestrian flow organization and management strategy corresponding to different pedestrian numbers and exit widths is put forward, and the one-way pedestrian flow with space obstacles in the walking passage is taken as the simulation object. This paper analyzes the influence of pedestrian avoidance and surmounting behavior and the change of space obstacle size on the evacuation efficiency of pedestrian flow, the ability of moving bottleneck and the macroscopic phenomenon of pedestrian group. A spatial obstacle optimization method is proposed to increase the evacuation efficiency and the ability of moving bottleneck.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491.226

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