本文選題：聲振法　切入點：隧道二襯脫空檢測　出處：《西安科技大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隧道二襯脫空嚴重威脅道路的安全運營,及時開展檢測、預防工作尤為重要。為解決現(xiàn)有檢測方法中存在的問題,降低檢測成本,進行聲振法檢測技術研究。將錘擊激勵下的襯砌響應過程概化為局部二襯塊體的隨機自由振動問題,進行聲振檢測試驗及數(shù)值模態(tài)分析,通過對聲振信號及模態(tài)參數(shù)的分析擬合,最終提出二襯脫空判定標準。主要結論如下:(1)通過檢測試驗所采集聲振信號的頻譜轉換,獲取響應信號的功率譜密度函數(shù)。嚴重脫空信號的低頻成分(1000Hz左右)突出,密實信號的高頻成分(8000Hz左右)突出,輕微脫空信號表現(xiàn)為比重相近的低、高頻成分均勻分布,曲線為多峰值形態(tài);主峰值頻率、次峰值頻率及峰值下降率可為作為信號特征值,全面反映二襯結構狀態(tài)。(2)將特征值與對應二襯結構狀態(tài)作為輸入輸出值進行BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡訓練,對網(wǎng)絡進行測試,預測值的均方誤差較小(mse=6.475e-5),網(wǎng)絡具有較好的預測能力,可初步實現(xiàn)對二襯結構狀態(tài)的定性識別判定。(3)針對單次振動激勵下的響應塊體,建立典型二襯結構模型,進行數(shù)值模態(tài)分析,得到密實塊體模型的前5階固有頻率,對于不同形態(tài)參數(shù)的脫空模型,主要結論包括:①完全脫空響應塊體基頻為600-2000Hz,基頻值隨平均脫空深度增大呈三次多項式規(guī)律增大,擬合方程為y=A+B1X+B2X2+B3X3;淺部脫空塊體的基頻值整體低于較深處脫空塊體;平均深度相同時,平緩脫空面較傾斜脫空面塊體有更大的基頻值,脫空面為水平時基頻達到最大值;響應塊體前兩階固有頻率差值為650-1350Hz,頻率差值隨平均脫空深度的增大而增大,變化規(guī)律同基頻——平均脫空深度曲線類似。②局部脫空響應塊體基頻為1400-4700Hz,基頻值隨脫空長度的增大呈Logistic函數(shù)規(guī)律減小,擬合方程為y=A_2+(A_1-A_2)/[1+(x/x0)p];脫空長度相同時,起始脫空深度越大,基頻值越大;響應塊體前兩階固有頻率差值為0-1400Hz,頻率差值隨脫空長度的增大而增大,曲線在脫空長度為30cm處存在節(jié)點,節(jié)點之前曲線較陡,起始脫空深度越大,頻率差值越小;節(jié)點之后曲線較緩,起始脫空深度越大,頻率差值越大。③通過查閱對應的判定曲線圖,可確定二襯結構的精確形態(tài)參數(shù),實現(xiàn)定量脫空判定,并提出了快速求得脫空特征精確信息的作圖法。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problems existing in the existing detection methods and reduce the detection cost, it is particularly important to carry out the inspection and prevent the tunnel second lining clearance seriously, which is a serious threat to the safe operation of the road. The acoustic vibration detection technique is studied. The response process of the lining under hammering excitation is generalized as the random free vibration problem of the local two-liner block, and the acoustic vibration detection test and numerical modal analysis are carried out. By analyzing and fitting the acoustic and vibration signals and modal parameters, the criteria for determining the void of the two linings are put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the spectrum conversion of the acoustic and vibration signals collected by the detection test. The power spectral density function of the response signal is obtained. The low frequency component of the serious empty signal is about 1000 Hz) and the high frequency component of the dense signal is about 8 000 Hz). The main peak frequency, the secondary peak frequency and the peak drop rate can be regarded as the signal eigenvalues, reflecting the two-lining structure state in an all-round way.) the eigenvalue and the corresponding two-liner structure state are taken as input and output values for BP neural network training, and the main peak frequency, the secondary peak frequency and the peak drop rate can be regarded as the signal eigenvalues. When the network is tested, the mean square error of the predicted value is smaller than 6.475e-5, and the network has better prediction ability. It can preliminarily realize the qualitative identification judgment of the state of the two-liner structure. (3) for the response block under the single vibration excitation, the typical two-lining structure model is established. The first five natural frequencies of the dense block model are obtained by numerical modal analysis, and the void model with different shape parameters is obtained. The main conclusions are as follows: the fundamental frequency of the complete void response block is 600-2000Hz, and the fundamental frequency increases with the increase of the average void depth by cubic polynomial law, and the fitting equation is YYAB1X B2X2B3X3, and the fundamental frequency of the shallow void block is lower than that of the deep void block as a whole. When the average depth is the same, the fundamental frequency of the flat surface is larger than that of the inclined surface block, and the fundamental frequency reaches the maximum when the void surface is horizontal, and the frequency difference increases with the increase of the average void depth, and the difference of the first two natural frequencies of the block is 650-1350Hz. The law of variation is similar to the curve of the basic frequency-average void depth. 2. The basic frequency of the local emptying response block is 1400-4700Hz. the fundamental frequency value decreases with the increase of the emptying length, and the fitting equation is YSP-A2A1-A1-A2T / [1 + x / xx0p]. The greater the initial emptying depth is, the greater the initial emptying depth is when the emptying length is the same. The larger the fundamental frequency is, the larger the frequency difference between the first two steps of the response block is 0-1400Hz, and the frequency difference increases with the increase of the empty length. There are nodes in the curve where the void length is 30cm, the curve before the node is steeper, the greater the initial void depth is, the smaller the frequency difference is. The curve behind the node is slower, the greater the initial void depth is, the greater the frequency difference is. 3. By consulting the corresponding judgment curve, the precise shape parameters of the two-lining structure can be determined, and the quantitative void determination can be realized. A mapping method is proposed to quickly obtain the accurate information of the void feature.
【學位授予單位】：西安科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U455.91

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