發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-16 22:11

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 公共交通 站點(diǎn)�？� 公交串車(chē) 公交駐站 公交拒載 聯(lián)合控制　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)水平迅猛增長(zhǎng)的今天,居民生活質(zhì)量顯著提高,購(gòu)買(mǎi)力大幅度增強(qiáng),城市小汽車(chē)保有量不斷增長(zhǎng),隨之而來(lái)的是城市道路與居民出行之間的供需不平衡。公共交通具有容量大、人均占道面積小的優(yōu)點(diǎn),可有效緩解城市道路交通的供需矛盾,近年來(lái)公共交通受到國(guó)家和各地政府的高度重視,其相關(guān)政策法規(guī)也逐漸得到完善�，F(xiàn)階段,公交低票價(jià)為提升公交吸引力已作出較大貢獻(xiàn),但公交準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)率低、服務(wù)水平差等實(shí)際運(yùn)營(yíng)問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致公交車(chē)輛不能滿(mǎn)足乘客準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)目的地的需求,在某種程度上降低了公交吸引力。因此在城市道路資源和公交運(yùn)力配置一定的條件下,通過(guò)不斷完善運(yùn)營(yíng)狀況進(jìn)而提升公交吸引力緩解道路交通擁擠勢(shì)在必行。在公交發(fā)展日趨精細(xì)化的背景下,針對(duì)公交運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)中易出現(xiàn)的公交到站間隔不均勻甚至串車(chē)現(xiàn)象,分析其形成機(jī)理并總結(jié)現(xiàn)有解決方法,選擇公交運(yùn)營(yíng)優(yōu)化問(wèn)題作為研究方向。由于公交車(chē)輛在路段上行駛時(shí)受路段交通流影響不易采取提速或減速控制,以公交車(chē)輛站點(diǎn)停靠問(wèn)題為研究對(duì)象,力求在現(xiàn)有公交設(shè)施基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)控制手段改善公交運(yùn)營(yíng)狀況,以達(dá)到提高公交服務(wù)水平的目的,提升公交吸引力。首先對(duì)公交站點(diǎn)車(chē)輛�？坷碚撨M(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單介紹,分析影響公交車(chē)輛在公交站點(diǎn)�？克钑r(shí)間的因素及影響程度,結(jié)合實(shí)際調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù),構(gòu)建公交車(chē)輛站點(diǎn)�？繒r(shí)間估算模型,驗(yàn)證估算模型的有效性,為選擇性拒載控制模型與聯(lián)合控制模型的構(gòu)建奠定基礎(chǔ)。其次通過(guò)對(duì)公交串車(chē)形成機(jī)理的分析和對(duì)已有相關(guān)研究的對(duì)比,采取選擇性拒載作為單一控制策略以緩解公交運(yùn)行秩序較好情況下的公交車(chē)輛到站不均勻現(xiàn)象。以均衡控制點(diǎn)處相鄰兩車(chē)頭時(shí)距為目標(biāo),利用選擇性拒載控制手段建立車(chē)頭時(shí)距控制模型。對(duì)只考慮控制點(diǎn)上下車(chē)乘客理想條件進(jìn)行理論控制策略仿真驗(yàn)證,驗(yàn)證選擇性拒載控制策略的理論可行性。考慮公交車(chē)輛實(shí)際運(yùn)行狀態(tài)中乘客在各個(gè)站點(diǎn)上下車(chē)情況,對(duì)控制策略進(jìn)行實(shí)例驗(yàn)證和對(duì)比分析。得出選擇性拒載控制策略可使公交系統(tǒng)較快地趨于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),能夠有效提高公交系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行效率的結(jié)論。最后針對(duì)公交運(yùn)行狀態(tài)較為混亂的情況,單一控制手段無(wú)法在短時(shí)間內(nèi)達(dá)到穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行狀態(tài),采取駐站與拒載聯(lián)合控制策略,從減緩快車(chē)進(jìn)程與加快慢車(chē)進(jìn)程兩個(gè)方面同時(shí)改善公交運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。將乘客公交出行過(guò)程拆分為在車(chē)行駛與乘客等待兩部分,乘客在車(chē)行駛時(shí)間等于乘客公交出行距離與行駛速度比值,以所有乘客等待時(shí)間總和最小為目標(biāo)建立目標(biāo)函數(shù),力求通過(guò)聯(lián)合控制模型使所有乘客等待時(shí)間總和最小并進(jìn)行算例仿真驗(yàn)證對(duì)比其控制效果。得出聯(lián)合控制模型可實(shí)現(xiàn)全局最優(yōu)目標(biāo),提高乘客出行效率的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:In Chinese economy rapid growth today, significantly improve the quality of life of the residents, purchasing power greatly enhanced, increasing city car ownership, followed by city residents travel and road between supply and demand imbalance. Public transport has a large capacity per capita for road small area, can effectively alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of city road traffic in recent years, public transportation is highly valued by the state and local governments, the relevant policies and regulations also gradually improved. At present, the bus fares low to enhance the attractiveness of public transport has made great contribution, but the bus punctuality rate is low, the actual operation of poor service levels to meet passenger bus arrival demand on time, to some extent reduce the attractiveness of public transport. Therefore in city road resources and transportation capacity allocation under certain conditions, through continuous improvement of transport The camp situation and thus enhance the attractiveness of public transport to ease traffic congestion in the bus becomes imperative. The refinement of the background, in the bus station interval prone bus system in the operation of uneven and even on the phenomenon, analyze its formation mechanism and summarize the existing solutions, choose bus operation optimization problems as the research direction. Because the vehicle on the bus on the road when traffic flow is not easy to take the effect of acceleration or deceleration control, to the site of bus stopping problem as the research object, based on the existing public transport facilities to improve the public transport operations, by means of control, in order to improve the level of public transport services to enhance the attractiveness of public transport. Firstly introduces vehicle parked bus station the theory, analysis of influence factors in bus bus stop sites required time and the influence, combined with the actual research The construction site data, bus stop time estimation model, verify the validity of the estimation model, lay the foundation for the selective rejection control model is constructed and combined control model. Then based on the bus train formation mechanism and the analysis of existing research comparison, adopt selective rejection as a single control strategy to alleviate the bus station bus good running order under uneven phenomenon. To balance the control points of two adjacent headway as the goal, using the selective rejection control method to establish the headway control model. To consider only the control points for passengers are ideal conditions for theory control strategy simulation, verify the feasibility of the control strategy of selective rejection theory considering the bus. The actual vehicle running passengers at each site to get off, the control strategy analysis and verification and comparison. A selective rejection control strategy can make the bus system quickly tended to be stable and can effectively improve the efficiency of the public transportation system. According to the conclusion more confusion in the operation of the bus, a single control method can not reach stable state in a short period of time, taken in the station and refusing joint control strategy, and improve the bus running from slow fast slow process and accelerate the process of two aspects. The transit trip is split into two parts of driving with passengers in the car waiting for passengers in the car, driving time is equal to the distance of passengers and bus travel speed ratio, with all the passengers waiting time sum is established by minimizing the objective function, strive to make all the passengers waiting control model the sum of the minimum time and the simulation results show that compared to the control effect. That can achieve the global optimal control model The goal is to improve passengers' travel efficiency.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491.17

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