本文關(guān)鍵詞： 停車換乘 多方式交通網(wǎng)絡(luò) 用戶均衡 出行選擇行為 瓶頸模型 出行時(shí)間不確定 Stackelberg博弈模型　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在制定交通管控措施以及進(jìn)行交通評(píng)價(jià)時(shí),在充分了解和掌握交通需求狀況的基礎(chǔ)上,還需要充分了解出行者的出行選擇行為。在不同交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中,出行者的出行選擇行為有顯著的不同,特別是將出行者的停車行為考慮到整個(gè)出行過程中時(shí)。停車換乘(park-and-ride, PR)作為一種重要的交通需求管理手段,是一種既不影響駕車便利性又可以鼓勵(lì)出行者使用公共交通的措施,可以轉(zhuǎn)移交通需求,優(yōu)先發(fā)展公共交通,從而提高城市交通資源的利用效率。本文運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)分析的方法,分別在確定的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境條件下和隨機(jī)的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境條件下,將出行者的停車行為考慮進(jìn)出行者的出行選擇行為中去。在考慮PR的多方式交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)上研究出行者的出行選擇行為,為城市交通和停車設(shè)施的規(guī)劃與管理、交通管控措施的制定與評(píng)價(jià)提供了理論參考。本論文的主要工作如下： (1)基于用戶偏好的多方式交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)隨機(jī)用戶均衡模型�？紤]了出行者對(duì)出行方式、換乘站點(diǎn)以及出行路徑的選擇偏好對(duì)出行者出行選擇行為的影響,基于Logit離散選擇模型,建立了多用戶多方式混合交通隨機(jī)用戶均衡的變分不等式模型,并討論了城市中心區(qū)的停車費(fèi)、地鐵或公交的發(fā)車頻率、總需求以及不同時(shí)間價(jià)值的出行者所占比例的變化對(duì)出行選擇偏好以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的流量分布的影響。結(jié)果表明,城市中心區(qū)的停車費(fèi)以及公交車的發(fā)車頻率的變化對(duì)道路交通影響顯著；不同出行者所占的比例的變化,網(wǎng)絡(luò)上不同時(shí)間價(jià)值的出行者的流量分布顯著不同。 (2)考慮停車換乘的異質(zhì)通勤出行者的出行選擇。在考慮交通瓶頸的城市快速路和停車換乘方式相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的多方式交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)上,分析比較了不同用戶均衡狀態(tài)類型存在的必要條件及其穩(wěn)定性。為研究停車收費(fèi)對(duì)異質(zhì)出行者出行選擇行為的影響,論文構(gòu)建了社會(huì)總成本最小時(shí)的最優(yōu)停車費(fèi)組合模型,并給出了模型的解析結(jié)果。同時(shí)還研究了瓶頸處的通行能力以及出行者所占比例的變化對(duì)出行者的出行選擇行為和社會(huì)總成本的影響。 (3)出行時(shí)間不確定時(shí)的停車費(fèi)定價(jià)和方式分擔(dān)。在一個(gè)有城市快速路和軌道交通線路競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的隨機(jī)交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)上,提出了一個(gè)關(guān)于停車收費(fèi)的定價(jià)和方式分擔(dān)的雙層規(guī)劃模型。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊性,建立的雙層規(guī)劃模型在用戶均衡狀態(tài)時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為一個(gè)極小化問題,在此基礎(chǔ)上,本論文給出了模型的解析結(jié)果。同時(shí)論文分析比較了平均出行時(shí)間、出行時(shí)間預(yù)算、平均-超額行程時(shí)間這三種出行時(shí)間選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)最優(yōu)的停車費(fèi)和均衡狀態(tài)時(shí)交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)上流量分布情況的影響。作為模型的拓展,本文還探討了不同參數(shù)變化在不同出行時(shí)間選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下對(duì)出行選擇的影響,以及道路路段上走行時(shí)間的分布對(duì)出行者出行選擇的影響。結(jié)果表明,一方面,不管是否考慮出行時(shí)間的不確定性,以及如何對(duì)待出行時(shí)間的不確定性,提高地鐵的服務(wù)水平和運(yùn)營(yíng)效率都可以有效地誘導(dǎo)出行者的選擇行為,調(diào)整不同出行方式在交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的流量分布；另一方面,降低交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)上出行時(shí)間分布的方差比僅僅減少出行時(shí)間分布的均值對(duì)調(diào)整網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的流量分布以及降低社會(huì)總成本的效果要更加明顯。 (4)停車時(shí)間不確定時(shí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)均衡分析。將交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的停車場(chǎng)分為不同的群集,并假設(shè)同一群集的停車場(chǎng)有相同的收費(fèi)價(jià)格和相同的停車時(shí)間。在探討網(wǎng)絡(luò)上出行時(shí)間的不確定時(shí),考慮出行者停車時(shí)間的可靠性。本文基于出行時(shí)間的可靠性和出行者對(duì)出行負(fù)效用理解的隨機(jī)誤差,建立了與用戶均衡條件等價(jià)的變分不等式模型。通過數(shù)值算例,分析比較了不同交通總需求、不同置信水平、不同交通管控措施以及停車搜索和進(jìn)出停車場(chǎng)時(shí)間的分布對(duì)出行者出行選擇行為的影響。結(jié)果表明,降低停車時(shí)間的分布的方差,可以降低整個(gè)出行的出行時(shí)間的不確定性,進(jìn)而影響整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的流量分布；合理地調(diào)整城市中心區(qū)的停車費(fèi)或地鐵票價(jià),可以有效的調(diào)整不同出行方式在交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的流量分布,降低全程開車的分擔(dān)率,從而緩解城市道路交通擁堵。 (5)簡(jiǎn)單交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的停車位分配與定價(jià)。當(dāng)政府擁有所有的停車位時(shí),將出行者按照是否在城市中心區(qū)有保留車位和時(shí)間價(jià)值進(jìn)行分類,為研究政府與私人運(yùn)營(yíng)商之間的相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng),對(duì)考慮道路路段交通瓶頸與否的兩種情況,分別建立了三層Stackelberg博弈的停車位分配與定價(jià)模型。從考慮道路交通瓶頸的解析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在終點(diǎn)沒有保留車位的出行者由于其時(shí)間價(jià)值比較低全都會(huì)選擇收費(fèi)價(jià)格比較低的停車換乘地鐵的方式出行。作為模型的拓展,進(jìn)一步給出了彈性需求條件時(shí)的模型構(gòu)建情況。
[Abstract]:In the development of traffic control measures and traffic evaluation, based on fully understand and grasp the traffic demand situation, also need to fully understand the travel choice behavior. In the different traffic network environment, travel choice behavior is significantly different, especially the parking behavior of traveler considering the entire during the trip. The park and ride (park-and-ride, PR) as an important means of traffic demand management, is a does not affect the driving convenience and can encourage travelers to use public transport measures can transfer traffic demand, the priority development of public transport, so as to improve the utilization efficiency of city traffic resources. This paper applies the method of the system analysis, respectively in the transportation network to determine the environmental conditions and stochastic traffic network environment, the parking behavior of traveler's travel choice for considering import Travel behavior is studied in the multi way traffic network considering PR. It provides a theoretical reference for the planning and management of urban traffic and parking facilities, and the formulation and evaluation of traffic control measures.
(1) multiple user preference model based on stochastic user equilibrium traffic network. Considering the traveler on the way to travel, transfer stations and preference to select travel routes to influence travel choice behavior, Logit discrete choice model based on the established mixed stochastic user equilibrium traffic multi user multi type inequality model. And discuss the city center parking fee, subway or bus departure frequency, the total demand and the different value of time traveler of the proportion of choice preference and the network traffic distribution of travel. The results show that the influence of city center's parking fees and change frequency buses on the road significant changes in the proportion of travelers; the network of different time value of the flow distribution of walkers are significantly different.
(2) consider the heterogeneity of the park and ride commuters travel choice. In considering the multi way traffic network competing traffic bottleneck of the city road and parking transfer methods, analysis and comparison of different types of necessary condition for user equilibrium and its stability. The research of parking charge on heterogeneous travelers' choice of this paper, constructs the optimal combination model of parking fees total social cost minimum, and the analytical results of the model are given. We also studied the bottleneck of the traffic capacity and the traveler proportion change of travel choice behavior and social effects of the total cost.
(3) share the travel time of the parking fee pricing way. And in a city expressway and rail transit line competition stochastic traffic network, puts forward a bi level programming model of sharing a parking fee pricing and the way. Because of the particularity of the network structure, the bi level planning model is established for the transformation a minimization problem in user equilibrium, on this basis, this paper gives the analytical results of the model. At the same time, this paper compares the average travel time, travel time budget, the average excess travel time of the three travel time selection criteria of the optimal parking fees and equilibrium traffic flow on the network distribution effect. As the model expansion, this paper also discussed the different parameters selection criteria in different travel time effect on travel choice, and the road section travel time. The distribution of impact on travel choice. The results show that, on the one hand, regardless of whether or not to consider the travel time uncertainty, and how to deal with the travel time uncertainty, choice behavior of enhancing the service level and the operating efficiency can effectively induce the travelers, adjust the flow distribution of different travel modes in the traffic network; on the other hand, reduce the variance of traffic network travel time distribution than just reduce the average travel time distribution of flow rate adjustment on the network distribution and reduce the social total cost effect to be more obvious.
(4) analysis of the network equilibrium parking time is uncertain. The parking lot traffic on the network is divided into different clusters, and assuming the parking lot the same cluster have the same price and the same parking time. On the uncertain network travel time reliability, considering the travelers stop time in this paper, the reliability. The travel time and traveler travel disutility of random error based on understanding, established with the user equilibrium condition of equivalent variational inequality model. By numerical examples, analysis and comparison of different traffic demand, different levels, different traffic control measures and parking search and import time distribution on the parking lot the influence of travel choice behavior. The results show that the reduced variance distribution of parking time, can reduce the travel time uncertainty, thereby affecting the entire network traffic Reasonable distribution of parking fees or subway fares in urban central area can effectively adjust the flow distribution of different travel modes on traffic network and reduce the sharing rate of whole driving, thus easing the traffic jams of urban roads.
(5) parking space allocation and pricing of simple traffic on the network. When the government owns all the parking spaces, the traveler according to whether in the city center have reserved parking spaces and the time value of classification, to compete with each other on the government and private operators, to consider two cases of road traffic bottlenecks or not the parking space allocation and pricing model of three layer Stackelberg game were established. Results from analysis of road traffic bottleneck in consideration, no parking reservation end point of travelers due to transfer to the subway stop and the time value is relatively low will all choose to charge a lower price of the travel mode. As a model of development, further given. Construction of elastic demand model of the situation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491

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