本文關(guān)鍵詞： 資源分配 優(yōu)化選址 緩解擁堵　出處：《首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國城市化進(jìn)程的快速發(fā)展,極大地推進(jìn)了我國經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的不斷增強(qiáng)。但是由于特大城市人口過快增加和集聚,使得特大城市交通擁堵問題成為一個普遍現(xiàn)象。北京市的交通擁堵問題更加突出,交通治理已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。交通擁堵產(chǎn)生的最直接的影響就是大大的增加了人們的出行時間,抑制了人們的出行活動。為解決交通擁堵,政府也采取了很多的措施,比如,限號出行、搖號限購、收取擁堵費(fèi)、增加交通道路資源等,但是就目前來看,這些措施并沒有從根本上來解決交通擁堵問題。實(shí)際上目前北京市公共資源的高度聚集和城市功能區(qū)分布嚴(yán)重失衡,是造成交通擁堵的重要因素之一。本文選擇了對交通影響最突出、最頻繁的教育資源和醫(yī)療資源兩個方面進(jìn)行分析和研究。由于義務(wù)教育資源不均衡,優(yōu)質(zhì)學(xué)校集中分布在中心區(qū),使得城市中出現(xiàn)了較多的擇校行為,增加交通壓力,而醫(yī)療資源與居民居住不匹配,醫(yī)院分布的不合理和過于集中,吸引北京市和外地就醫(yī)者聚集在少量的醫(yī)療集中城區(qū),醫(yī)院周邊形成交通擁堵的常態(tài)。北京市因?yàn)闅v史發(fā)展的緣故,優(yōu)質(zhì)的教育資源、醫(yī)療資源大部分集中在三環(huán)之內(nèi),形成一個大的資源聚集點(diǎn),但是假如將其分散到其他的各個區(qū)域,人們能夠就近享受到優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù),減少道路使用,這樣會不會緩解交通擁堵。出于這樣的目的,本文將通過GIS軟件,描述出北京各地區(qū)的醫(yī)院和學(xué)校分布情況,然后根據(jù)人口聚集程度和需求量對醫(yī)院進(jìn)行醫(yī)療點(diǎn)選址,利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析中的最小化阻抗模型選出最優(yōu)的位置點(diǎn),使得在北京市實(shí)際的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)下,能夠就近滿足居民的醫(yī)療需要,然后在這樣的優(yōu)化布局下,通過計(jì)算得出居民所減少的實(shí)際出行距離量,即對交通緩解情況進(jìn)行了量化分析。對于學(xué)校則是比較政府實(shí)行劃片入學(xué)前后居民的出行距離,驗(yàn)證劃片入學(xué)政策對交通擁堵有一定的緩解作用,然后提出教育資源均衡發(fā)展才能最大程度的緩解交通壓力,并且進(jìn)行了量化模擬。通過這種實(shí)際的測算,在解決交通擁堵問題上,能進(jìn)一步為決策者提供更加有效的建議。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of urbanization in our country has greatly promoted the increasing economic strength of our country. However, due to the rapid growth and agglomeration of the population in mega-cities, Traffic congestion in mega-cities has become a common phenomenon. Traffic congestion in Beijing is more prominent and traffic control is imminent. The most direct impact of traffic congestion is greatly increasing people's travel time. The government has also taken a lot of measures to solve traffic jams, such as limited travel, limited purchases, charging congestion charges, increasing road resources, etc., but for now, These measures have not fundamentally solved the traffic congestion problem. In fact, at present, the high concentration of public resources in Beijing and the serious imbalance in the distribution of urban functional areas, It is one of the important factors that cause traffic jams. This paper chooses the most prominent and frequent educational and medical resources to analyze and study. Because of the imbalance of compulsory education resources, High quality schools are concentrated in the central district, resulting in more school selection behavior in the city, increasing traffic pressure, and mismatch between medical resources and residents, unreasonable and too centralized distribution of hospitals. To attract doctors from Beijing and other places to gather in a small number of concentrated medical districts, traffic jams have formed around the hospitals. Because of historical development, Beijing has high quality educational and medical resources, most of which are concentrated in the third Ring Road. To form a large resource agglomeration point, but if it is spread out to other regions, people will be able to access quality services nearby and reduce road use, which will ease traffic jams. For this purpose, In this paper, the distribution of hospitals and schools in various areas of Beijing is described by GIS software, then the location of the hospitals is selected according to the population concentration degree and the demand, and the optimal location points are selected by using the minimized impedance model in network analysis. So that under the actual transportation network in Beijing, it can meet the medical needs of residents nearby, and then under such an optimized layout, by calculating the actual travel distance reduced by residents, That is, quantitative analysis of traffic mitigation. For schools, compared with the travel distance of residents before and after the implementation of stroke admission, it is verified that the stroke admission policy has a certain role in alleviating traffic congestion. Then it is proposed that the balanced development of educational resources can relieve traffic pressure to the greatest extent and carry out quantitative simulation. Through this practical calculation, it can provide more effective suggestions for decision makers in solving the traffic congestion problem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D669.3;U491.265

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